Modeling, Simulation and Visual Analysis of Crowds: A Multidisciplinary Perspective

Ali, Saad; Nishino, Ko; Manocha, Dinesh; Shah, Mubarak

doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-8483-7_1

Cited by 33 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…There are, however, particular characteristics of the crowd that pose challenges to the analyst to tackle the complexity of crowd modelling. We itemise those characteristics as (i) intrinsic complexity of human behaviour [3][4][5] and heterogeneity of individuals as the main constituent elements of a crowd [6]; (ii) continuity and the dynamic nature of the space of movement [7]; and (iii) scarcity of reliable explanatory data (especially at disaggregate level) for the purposes of phenomena understanding, model estimation, calibration and validation [8,9]. This paper addresses tactical level of pedestrian crowd decision making.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pedestrian crowd tactical‐level decision making during emergency evacuations

Haghani

Sarvi

2016

J of Advced Transportation

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This paper investigates pedestrian crowd tactical-level decision making during emergency evacuations. Of particular interest is crowd exit-choice behaviour. Two sources of stated choice data are collected and combined. One data set is derived from an experiment linked to a real-life exit choice experience of participants (in a non-evacuation setting). We examine aspects that have often been taken for granted in the literature in connection with egress behaviour of crowds during emergencies. We quantify evacuees' trade-off between "distance", "density", "exit visibility" and "directional density" as well as the interactive effect between exit visibility and tendency to follow others. A comprehensive random-utility analysis is conducted ranging from traditionally practiced models to the state-of-the-practice methods such as random-coefficient nested logit. Our findings suggest that (i) unless evacuees face certain levels of uncertainty in the escape environment; flows of crowd are unlikely to be followed. Otherwise, most evacuees perceive other individuals as potential sources of congestion and extra delay (generalisation to situations where crowd is completely unfamiliar with the egress geometry, however, may require careful scrutiny). (ii) Evacuees mostly prefer visible exits over the exits whose congestion level is unknown to them (i.e. the tendency to minimise ambiguity). (iii) The presence of attribute uncertainty (e.g. exit visibility) significantly changes the impact of observing decisions of others on each individual choice maker. We also found out that (iv) spatial distribution of exits has a significant influence on evacuees' decisions (presenting itself in the form of violating the IIA assumption). (v) The marginal weights that different individuals place upon attributes of exits are significantly heterogeneous. (vi) There is meaningful correlation between certain utility weights of individual evacuees. These behavioural findings can provide significant behavioural insight essential for safe evacuation planning and accurate forecast of evacuees' behaviour.All other model estimation results were obtained from NLOGIT 5.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pedestrian crowd tactical‐level decision making during emergency evacuations

Haghani

Sarvi

2016

J of Advced Transportation

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“…Crowd simulation is a large research field with many components including path planning, collision avoidance between characters, animation, and the evaluation of realism. Several books exist that give good overviews of this field [Ali et al 2013;Kapadia et al 2015;Pelechano et al 2016;Thalmann and Musse 2013]. Also, there are multiple crowd simulation frameworks in which navigation meshes play a central role [Curtis et al 2014;van Toll et al 2015].…”

Section: Navigation Meshesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study of navigation meshes

Toll

Triesscheijn

Kallmann

et al. 2016

Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Motion in Games

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A navigation mesh is a representation of a 2D or 3D virtual environment that enables path planning and crowd simulation for walking characters. Various state-of-the-art navigation meshes exist, but there is no standardized way of evaluating or comparing them. Each implementation is in a different state of maturity, has been tested on different hardware, uses different example environments, and may have been designed with a different application in mind.\ud In this paper, we conduct the first comparative study of navigation meshes. First, we give general definitions of 2D and 3D environments and navigation meshes. Second, we propose theoretical properties by which navigation meshes can be classified. Third, we introduce metrics by which the quality of a navigation mesh implementation can be measured objectively. Finally, we use these metrics to compare various state-of-the-art navigation meshes in a range of 2D and 3D environments.\ud We expect that this work will set a new standard for the evaluation of navigation meshes, that it will help developers choose an appropriate navigation mesh for their application, and that it will steer future research on navigation meshes in interesting directions.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

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“…The main objective of Crowd Simulation is to determine the movement of multiple agents that results from a collective behavior. This subject has received attention for many different purposes, from games and movies industry to civil engineering, and a great number of solutions can be found in the literature [3], [4], [5]. These solutions can be classified into macroscopic and microscopic approaches regarding the crowd movement.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A panoramic synthetic vision model for improving collision avoidance in crowd simulation

Queiroz

Dutra

Vidal

et al. 2015

JIS

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Crowd Simulation is very important in many virtual reality applications, because it improves the sense of immersion of the users by making the population of agents in the environment to move as real crowds do. Recently, models for simulating crowds, in which each agent is equipped with a synthetic vision system, have shown interesting results regarding the natural manner in which the agents navigate inside the environment thanks to their visual perception. In this article, we propose an upgrade to the agent’s visual system with a panoramic view in order to allow an agent to expand its vision beyond the limit of 180o imposed by the common projection provided by rendering APIs. Also, we analyze different parameters, which are used to define the field of view, to investigate the influence they have on the agent’s behavior. The impacts that those changes may cause on the efficiency of the algorithms are also analysed. A visible change on the agent’s behavior is achieved by using the technique, with a slight loss of performance.

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Modeling, Simulation and Visual Analysis of Crowds: A Multidisciplinary Perspective

Cited by 33 publications

References 71 publications

Pedestrian crowd tactical‐level decision making during emergency evacuations

Pedestrian crowd tactical‐level decision making during emergency evacuations

A comparative study of navigation meshes

A panoramic synthetic vision model for improving collision avoidance in crowd simulation

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