Modeling, simulation, and evaluation of a compton camera based on a pixelated solid-state detector

Calderon, Yonatan; Kolstein, M.; Uzun, D.; Lorenzo, G. De; Chmeissani, M.; Arce, P.; Ariño, G; Cabruja, E.; Canadas, M.; Macias-Montero, Jose Gabriel; Martı́nez, Ricardo; Mikhaylova, Ekaterina; Ozsahin, Ilker; Puigdengoles, C.

doi:10.1109/nssmic.2011.6152954

Cited by 14 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The use of semiconductor detectors, such as CdTe or CdZnTe (CZT), for photon detection in PET applications is described in [2]–[5]. The VIP modular design allows us to package the detector in different shapes and for different functionalities: e.g., a whole-body (WB) PET, a small-animal PET, a positron emission mammography (PEM) scanner [6], a Compton camera [7]. Since the clinical applications related to brain pathologies are among the challenging screenings, we present and evaluate the VIP as a human brain dedicated PET.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of the Expected Performance of a Seamless Scanner for Brain PET Based on Highly Pixelated CdTe Detectors

Mikhaylova

Lorenzo

Chmeissani

et al. 2014

IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging

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The aim of this work is the evaluation of the design for a nonconventional PET scanner, the voxel imaging PET (VIP), based on pixelated room-temperature CdTe detectors yielding a true 3-D impact point with a density of 450 channels/cm(3), for a total 6 336 000 channels in a seamless ring shaped volume. The system is simulated and evaluated following the prescriptions of the NEMA NU 2-2001 and the NEMA NU 4-2008 standards. Results show that the excellent energy resolution of the CdTe detectors (1.6% for 511 keV photons), together with the small voxel pitch (1 × 1 × 2 mm(3)), and the crack-free ring geometry, give the design the potential to overcome the current limitations of PET scanners and to approach the intrinsic image resolution limits set by physics. The VIP is expected to reach a competitive sensitivity and a superior signal purity with respect to values commonly quoted for state-of-the-art scintillating crystal PETs. The system can provide 14 cps/kBq with a scatter fraction of 3.95% and 21 cps/kBq with a scatter fraction of 0.73% according to NEMA NU 2-2001 and NEMA NU 4-2008, respectively. The calculated NEC curve has a peak value of 122 kcps at 5.3 kBq/mL for NEMA NU 2-2001 and 908 kcps at 1.6 MBq/mL for NEMA NU 4-2008. The proposed scanner can achieve an image resolution of ~ 1 mm full-width at half-maximum in all directions. The virtually noise-free data sample leads to direct positive impact on the quality of the reconstructed images. As a consequence, high-quality high-resolution images can be obtained with significantly lower number of events compared to conventional scanners. Overall, simulation results suggest the VIP scanner can be operated either at normal dose for fast scanning and high patient throughput, or at low dose to decrease the patient radioactivity exposure. The design evaluation presented in this work is driving the development and the optimization of a fully operative prototype to prove the feasibility of the VIP concept.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of the Expected Performance of a Seamless Scanner for Brain PET Based on Highly Pixelated CdTe Detectors

Mikhaylova

Lorenzo

Chmeissani

et al. 2014

IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging

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“…Algorithms for image reconstruction based on origin ensemble were derived and used by us and others in the past [1, 18, 2, 19, 20]. In previous studies the origin ensemble algorithms were used but no statistical significance of the results were provided.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Data analysis in emission tomography using emission-count posteriors

Sitek

2012

Phys. Med. Biol.

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A novel approach to analysis of emission tomography data using the posterior probability of the numbers of emissions per voxel (emission–count) conditioned on acquired tomographic data is explored. The posterior is derived from the prior and the Poisson likelihood of the emission–count data by marginalizing voxel activities. Based on emission–count posteriors, examples of Bayesian analysis including estimation and classification tasks in emission tomography are provided. The application of the method to computer simulations of 2D tomography is demonstrated. In particular, the minimum–mean–square–error (MMSE) point estimator of the emission–count is demonstrated. The process of finding this estimator can be considered as a tomographic image reconstruction technique since the estimates of the numbers of emissions per voxel divided by voxel sensitivities and acquisition time are the estimates of the voxel activities. As an example of a classification task, a hypothesis stating that some region of interest (ROI) emitted at least or at most r–times the number of events in some other ROI is tested. The ROIs are specified by the user. The analysis described in this work provides new quantitative statistical measures that can be used in decision making in diagnostic imaging using emission tomography.

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“…Previous studies have shown that ultra-low temperatures in some organisms are closely related to vitrification, which is related to the accumulation of trehalose (Crowe et al, 1998;Storey et al, 2013). The larvae of P. vanderplanki accumulate a large amount of trehalose during drying, accounting for up to 20% of the body weight, and this replaces water in the tissues to protect cells (Clegg, 1965;Watanabe et al, 2002;Sakurai et al, 2008;Cornette and Kikawada, 2011). Trehalose in the dehydrated nematode Aphelenchus avenae also reaches 15% of the dry weight (Crowe and Madin, 1975).…”

Section: Mechanism Underlying Cryoprotective Dehydration/vitrificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological mechanism allowing a parasitic leech, Ozobranchus jantseanus (Rhynchobdellida: Ozobranchidae), to survive in ultra-low temperatures

Xiong

et al. 2021

Biology Open

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Ozobranchus jantseanus is the largest metazoan known to survive in liquid nitrogen without pretreatment to date, however, the mechanism underlying this tolerance remains unclear. In this study, the first analyses of histological and morphological changes in normal, frozen, and dehydrated states were performed. Adults survived after direct placement in liquid nitrogen for 96 h, with a survival rate of approximately 86.7%. The leech could withstand rapid desiccation and its survival rate after rehydration was 100% when its water loss was below about 84.8%. After freezing, desiccation, and ethanol dehydration, the leech immediately formed a hemispherical shape. Particularly during drying, obvious transparent glass-like substance was observed on surface. Scanning electron microscopy revealed many pores on the surface of the posterior sucker, creating a sponge-like structure, which may help to rapidly expel water, and a hemispherical shape may protect the internal organs by contraction and folding reconstruction in the anterior-posterior direction. A substantial amount of mucopolysaccharides on the surface and acid cells and collagen fibers in the body, all of which contained substantial polysaccharides, may play a key protective role during freezing. Our results indicate that the resistance of leeches to ultra-low temperatures can be explained by cryoprotective dehydration/vitrification strategies.

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Modeling, simulation, and evaluation of a compton camera based on a pixelated solid-state detector

Cited by 14 publications

References 4 publications

Simulation of the Expected Performance of a Seamless Scanner for Brain PET Based on Highly Pixelated CdTe Detectors

Simulation of the Expected Performance of a Seamless Scanner for Brain PET Based on Highly Pixelated CdTe Detectors

Data analysis in emission tomography using emission-count posteriors

Morphological mechanism allowing a parasitic leech, Ozobranchus jantseanus (Rhynchobdellida: Ozobranchidae), to survive in ultra-low temperatures

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