Abstract:Due to the long-term problem of electricity and potable water in most developing and undeveloped countries, predominantly rural areas, a novelty of the pendulum water pump, which uses a vertically excited parametric pendulum with variable-length using a sinusoidal excitation as a vibrating machine, is presented. With this, more oscillations can be achieved, reducing human effort further and having high output than the existing pendulum water pump with the conventional pendulum. The pendulum, lever, and piston … Show more
“…Numerical analyses have demonstrated the feasibility of energy harvesting, with increased efficiency observed for shorter, reduced lengths of the pendulum: a finding that is supported by both numerical and experimental investigations [17,19]. By adjusting its length in response to the oscillations it undergoes [20][21][22][23], the pendulum experiences variations in length as it swings, causing a corresponding shift in its frequency [24,25]. This change in frequency can then be utilized to generate electrical energy [26,27].…”
The ability to power low-power devices and sensors has drawn a great deal of interest to energy harvesting from ambient vibrations. The application of variable-length pendulum systems in conjunction with piezoelectric or electromagnetic energy-harvesting devices is examined in this thorough analysis. Because of their changeable length, such pendulums may effectively convert mechanical vibrations into electrical energy. This study covers these energy-harvesting systems’ basic theories, design concerns, modeling methods, and performance optimization strategies. This article reviews several studies that look at dynamic models, the effects of damping coefficients, device designs, and excitation parameters on energy output. The advantages and disadvantages of piezoelectric and electromagnetic coupling techniques are demonstrated by comparative research. This review also looks at technical advances and future research prospects in variable-length, pendulum-based energy harvesting. An expanded model for an energy harvester based on a variable-length pendulum derived from the modified, swinging Atwood machine is more specifically presented. This model’s numerical simulations, estimated current and voltage outputs, and produced power from the electromagnetic and piezoelectric devices integrated at various points in a 4-DOF variable-length pendulum model all indicate encouraging results. This necessitates extra study, changes, and optimizations to improve the usefulness of the proposed model. Finally, important dynamic models on developing variable-length, pendulum-based energy harvesters for usage in a range of applications to create sustainable energy are summarized.
“…Numerical analyses have demonstrated the feasibility of energy harvesting, with increased efficiency observed for shorter, reduced lengths of the pendulum: a finding that is supported by both numerical and experimental investigations [17,19]. By adjusting its length in response to the oscillations it undergoes [20][21][22][23], the pendulum experiences variations in length as it swings, causing a corresponding shift in its frequency [24,25]. This change in frequency can then be utilized to generate electrical energy [26,27].…”
The ability to power low-power devices and sensors has drawn a great deal of interest to energy harvesting from ambient vibrations. The application of variable-length pendulum systems in conjunction with piezoelectric or electromagnetic energy-harvesting devices is examined in this thorough analysis. Because of their changeable length, such pendulums may effectively convert mechanical vibrations into electrical energy. This study covers these energy-harvesting systems’ basic theories, design concerns, modeling methods, and performance optimization strategies. This article reviews several studies that look at dynamic models, the effects of damping coefficients, device designs, and excitation parameters on energy output. The advantages and disadvantages of piezoelectric and electromagnetic coupling techniques are demonstrated by comparative research. This review also looks at technical advances and future research prospects in variable-length, pendulum-based energy harvesting. An expanded model for an energy harvester based on a variable-length pendulum derived from the modified, swinging Atwood machine is more specifically presented. This model’s numerical simulations, estimated current and voltage outputs, and produced power from the electromagnetic and piezoelectric devices integrated at various points in a 4-DOF variable-length pendulum model all indicate encouraging results. This necessitates extra study, changes, and optimizations to improve the usefulness of the proposed model. Finally, important dynamic models on developing variable-length, pendulum-based energy harvesters for usage in a range of applications to create sustainable energy are summarized.
“…Currently, there is great activity studying variable-length pendulum systems, such as the swinging Atwood machine [27] and its generalizatins [28], the variable-length coupled pendulums recently studied in [24], or the double variable-length pendulum with counterweight mass [71][72][73]. Variable-length pendulum systems are excellent examples for studying nonlinear dynamics, chaos, and bifurcations.…”
Section: Theorem 11 (Morales-ramis (1999)) If a Hamiltonian System Is...mentioning
“…A coupled or cascaded dynamical system consisting of many tanks, which is investigated in [8,15,68,[77][78][79][80][81][82] (state-space approach, PI, PID), [10,30,80] (transfer function approach), [14,16] (FL, NN), [9,10,15,78,83] (model-based or model-predictive control, state predictor), [8,16,79] (geometry-varying tank), [77,84] (SMC), and [80] (dead-time).…”
In this paper, a unique overview of intelligent machines and mathematical methods designed and developed to measure and to control the water level in industrial or laboratory setups of coupled and cascaded configurations of tanks is made. A systematized and concise overview is made of the mechatronic systems used in the measurement, identification, and control of the water level enumerates, the software used in the associated scientific research, modern techniques and sensors, and mathematical models, as well as analysis and control strategies. The broad overview of applications of the last decade is finalized by a proposition of a control system that is based on a parameter estimation of a new experimental setup, an integral dynamic model of the system, a modern mechatronic machine such as the Watson-Marlow peristaltic pump, the Anderson Negele sensor of level, the NI cRIO-9074 controller, and LabVIEW virtual instrumentation. The results of real experimental tests, exploiting a hybrid proportional control, being improved by a numerically predicted water level, are obtained using a few tools, i.e., the static characteristics, the classical step response, and a new pyramid-shaped step function of a discontinuous path-following reference input, being introduced to evaluate the effectiveness and robustness of the regulation of the level height.
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