Modeling satellite-Earth quantum channel downlinks with adaptive-optics coupling to single-mode fibers

Gruneisen, Mark T.; Flanagan, Michael; Sickmiller, Brett A.

doi:10.1117/12.2282153

Cited by 10 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Coherent frequency conversion of optical signals is desirable for integrating space and terrestrial networks as current hybrid networks rely on measurement and retransmission [149]. Quantum coupling of free-space and fibre links would allow for untrusted OGSs as access points between space and ground, and entanglement distribution via satellites and optical fibres [366]. Entanglement distribution could be via the use of quantum repeaters equipped with memories in each OGS to relay the quantum states to other users in the network (or satellite) for a downlink (or uplink) scenario.…”

Section: Frequency Conversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advances in Space Quantum Communications

Sidhu,

Joshi,

Gundogan

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Concerted efforts are underway to establish an infrastructure for a global quantum internet to realise a spectrum of quantum technologies. This will enable more precise sensors, secure communications, and faster data processing. Quantum communications are a front-runner with quantum networks already implemented in several metropolitan areas. A number of recent proposals have modelled the use of space segments to overcome range limitations of purely terrestrial networks. Rapid progress in the design of quantum devices have enabled their deployment in space for in-orbit demonstrations. We review developments in this emerging area of space-based quantum technologies and provide a roadmap of key milestones towards a complete, global quantum networked landscape. Small satellites hold increasing promise to provide a cost effective coverage required to realised the quantum internet. We review the state of art in small satellite missions and collate the most current in-field demonstrations of quantum cryptography. We summarise important challenges in space quantum technologies that must be overcome and recent efforts to mitigate their effects. A perspective on future developments that would improve the performance of space quantum communications is included. We conclude with a discussion on fundamental physics experiments that could take advantage of a global, space-based quantum network.

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Section: Frequency Conversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, coherent frequency conversion will become a very important technology to match the requirements of the different network segments. Multimode wavelength conversion is possible but single-mode operation may be dictated by downstream utilisation, coupling into single mode fibres for example [366].…”

Section: Frequency Conversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Space Quantum Communications

Sidhu,

Joshi,

Gundogan

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…14 The analysis that follows is, to our knowledge, the first reported numerical analysis that considers and quantifies the benefit of an AO system to a free-space quantum channel where the ground terminal includes SMF-coupled quantum components. 15 This report considers a quantum channel downlink between an LEO satellite and a terrestrial ground station implementing an AO system. The quantum channel includes propagation through vacuum, atmospheric turbulence, and atmospheric scattering.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling satellite-Earth quantum channel downlinks with adaptive-optics coupling to single-mode fibers

2017

Opt. Eng.

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The efficient coupling of photons from a free-space quantum channel into a single-mode optical fiber (SMF) has important implications for quantum network concepts involving SMF interfaces to quantum detectors, atomic systems, integrated photonics, and direct coupling to a fiber network. Propagation through atmospheric turbulence, however, leads to wavefront errors that degrade mode matching with SMFs. In a free-space quantum channel, this leads to photon losses in proportion to the severity of the aberration. This is particularly problematic for satellite-Earth quantum channels, where atmospheric turbulence can lead to significant wavefront errors. This report considers propagation from low-Earth orbit to a terrestrial ground station and evaluates the efficiency with which photons couple either through a circular field stop or into an SMF situated in the focal plane of the optical receiver. The effects of atmospheric turbulence on the quantum channel are calculated numerically and quantified through the quantum bit error rate and secure key generation rates in a decoy-state BB84 protocol. Numerical simulations include the statistical nature of Kolmogorov turbulence, sky radiance, and an adaptiveoptics system under closed-loop control.

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“…For the QKD system with scattering channels, we realize a single-photon level modulation of the spatial optical field to optimize the transmission efficiency. For freespace QKD systems, the single-mode-fiber (SMF) is usually used as a spatial mode filter to suppress background noise for the receiver [42,43]. To improve the performance of the quantum channel, the coupling efficiency of the fiber receiver should also be enhanced.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum key distribution over scattering channel

Lu,

Wang,

Huang

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Scattering of light by cloud, haze, and fog decreases the transmission efficiency of communication channels in quantum key distribution (QKD), reduces the system's practical security, and thus constrains the deployment of free-space QKD. Here, we employ the wavefront shaping technology to compensate distorted optical signals in high-loss scattering quantum channels and fulfill a polarization-encoded BB84 QKD experiment. With this quantum channel compensation technology, we achieve a typical enhancement of about 250 in transmission efficiency and improve the secure key rate from 0 to 1.85 × 10 −6 per sifted key. The method and its first time validation show the great potential to expand the territory of QKD systems from lossless channels to highly scattered ones and therefore enhances the deployment ability of global quantum communication network.

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Modeling satellite-Earth quantum channel downlinks with adaptive-optics coupling to single-mode fibers

Cited by 10 publications

References 20 publications

Advances in Space Quantum Communications

Advances in Space Quantum Communications

Modeling satellite-Earth quantum channel downlinks with adaptive-optics coupling to single-mode fibers

Quantum key distribution over scattering channel

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