Modeling, processing, and characterization of exfoliated graphite nanoplatelet-nylon 6 composite fibers

Kim, Myung-Soo; Hwang, Sang-Ha; Kim, Byeong‐Joo; Baek, Jong‐Beom; Shin, Hyeon Suk; Park, Hyung Wook; Bae, Il‐Joon; Lee, Seong-Young

doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2014.06.011

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The GNP incorporation enhances the tensile modulus, such that acid treatment of the GNP improves the bond between GNP and the nylon matrix [96]. The incorporation of GNP in polyamide (PA12) shows that GNP alters the glass transition temperature and crystallization characteristics of PA12 [97].…”

Section: Graphite Nanoplatelet Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of exfoliated graphite

2015

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Exfoliated graphite (EG) refers to graphite that has a degree of separation of a substantial portion of the carbon layers in the graphite. Graphite nanoplatelet (GNP) is commonly prepared by mechanical agitation of EG. The EG exhibits clinginess, due to its cellular structure, but GNP does not. The clinginess allows the formation of EG compacts and flexible graphite sheet without a binder. The exfoliation typically involves intercalation, followed by heating. Upon heating, the intercalate vaporizes and/or decomposes into smaller molecules, thus causing expansion and cell formation. The sliding of the carbon layers relative to one another enables the cell wall to stretch. The exfoliation process is accompanied by intercalate desorption, so that only a small portion of the intercalate remains after exfoliation. The most widely used intercalate is sulfuric acid. The higher concentration of residue in unwashed EG causes the relative dielectric constant (50 Hz) of the EG to be 360 (higher than 120 for KOH-activated GNP), compared to the value of 38 for the water-washed case. An EG compact is obtained by the compression of EG at a pressure lower than that used for the fabrication of flexible graphite. Compared to flexible graphite, EG compacts are mechanically weak, but they exhibit viscous character, outof-plane electrical/thermal conductivity and liquid permeability. The viscous character (flexural loss tangent up to 35 for the solid part of the compact) stems from the sliding of the carbon layers relative to one another, with the ease of the sliding enhanced by the exfoliation process.

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Section: Graphite Nanoplatelet Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of exfoliated graphite

2015

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“…Over the last few years, polymer/xGNP nanocomposites have been developed to prepare high‐performance composites . For example, the addition of 5 wt% aligned xGNPs significantly improved the tensile modulus of PA6 fibers from 722 to 1296 MPa . The incorporation of 40 wt% GNP in epoxy gave the composite a good electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness of 62 dB at a frequency of 18 GHz .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facile preparation of polyamide 6/exfoliated graphite nanoplate composites via ultrasound‐assisted processing

Yang

Zhao

Xia

et al. 2017

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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In this work, we report a facile strategy to prepare polyamide 6/exfoliated graphite nanoplate (PA6/xGNP) nanocomposites by in situ exfoliation of expanded graphite (EG) via ultrasound‐assisted extrusion. The EG was preliminarily exfoliated by ultrasonication, and then blended with PA6 and further exfoliated into graphite nanoplates during the ultrasound‐assisted extrusion process. Compared with chemical exfoliation of EG, ultrasonic exfoliation minimized defects in the carbon layers. Meanwhile, the in situ exfoliation of EG via ultrasound‐assisted extrusion prevented the reagglomeration of xGNPs in the melt blending process. The well‐dispersed xGNP structure significantly improved the mechanical performance of PA6 composites; with an xGNP loading of only 0.5 wt%, the tensile and flexural strengths of the PA6 nanocomposite increased from 65.4 and 67.8 MPa to 90.5 and 91.2 MPa, respectively. The heat deflection temperature also greatly improved from 76.5°C to 115.4°C by adding 1 wt% xGNPs. These results demonstrate a promising approach for large‐scale fabrication of high‐performance polymer/xGNP nanocomposites. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 58:1739–1745, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers

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“…In order to predict the elastic modulus of MHCs reinforced with CNMs depending on orientation, the most precise numerical analysis methods for prediction of the elastic properties of composite materials (such as Mori‐Tanaka micromechanics model, a hybrid closure approximation model, and a role‐of‐mixtures Equation for composites) were used in this research . The Mori‐Tanaka model can be expressed as Eq .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The significantly improved mechanical properties of the nanocomposite film and MHCs were investigated by a universal testing machine (UTM). Recently, the modeling of MHCs to predict their mechanical properties has been an issue of interest in the composite field , so we performed a study on the modeling of nanocomposite films consisting of xGnPs, CNTs, and PP using an orientation tensor and a Mori‐Tanaka micromechanics model . The tensile properties of nanocomposite films and MHCs were predicted using a rule‐of‐mixtures Equation for composites, and then they were compared with the experimental results .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unidirectional spread‐tow carbon fiber/polypropylene composites reinforced with mechanically aligned multi‐walled carbon nanotubes and exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets

et al. 2018

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We investigated efficient methods to maximize the mechanical properties of carbon fiber/polypropylene (PP) composites by combining unidirectional spread‐tow carbon fibers (USCFs) and mechanically stretched PP films reinforced with aligned carbon nanomaterials (CNMs), such as multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnPs). CNM/PP composite films were fabricated using film extrusion process, which resulted in tension‐induced orientation of CNMs. The influences of CNMs and their orientations in the films, the speed of the drawing rollers (take‐up speed), and the degree of crystallinity on the mechanical properties of nanocomposites were investigated. Multiscale hybrid composites (MHCs) consisting of USCFs and PP films reinforced with MWCNTs and xGnPs were manufactured by hot pressing. As compared with neat USCF/PP composites, USCF/PP composites containing 1 wt% aligned CNMs showed up to 18.3 and 77.3% increases in tensile modulus and strength, respectively, and 68.4 and 36.1% increases in flexural modulus and strength, respectively. In parallel, modeling and simulation of CNM/PP composite films and CNM/USCF/PP composites were performed to predict the tensile properties, taking into account the effects of CNM orientation. The mechanical properties of both nanocomposite films and MHCs were most dominantly affected by the degree of polymer crystallinity and CNM orientation. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:E1251–E1261, 2018. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Modeling, processing, and characterization of exfoliated graphite nanoplatelet-nylon 6 composite fibers

Cited by 16 publications

References 29 publications

A review of exfoliated graphite

A review of exfoliated graphite

Facile preparation of polyamide 6/exfoliated graphite nanoplate composites via ultrasound‐assisted processing

Unidirectional spread‐tow carbon fiber/polypropylene composites reinforced with mechanically aligned multi‐walled carbon nanotubes and exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets

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