Modeling Potential Tsunami Generation by the BIG’95 Landslide

Løvholt, Finn; Harbitz, C. B.; Vanneste, Maarten; Blasio, Fabio Vittorio De; Úrgeles, Roger; Iglesias, Olaia; Canals, Miquel; Lastras, Galderic; Pedersen, Geir; Glimsdal, Sylfest

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-00972-8_45

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The 11,500-year BP BIG'95 landslide detected in the Mediterranean Sea involved a total volume of 26 km 3 (Lastras et al, 2004;Urgeles et al, 2006). Even such failures with small volume landslide deposits may cause catastrophic tsunamis based on the recent tsunami simulations (Løvholt et al, 2014). Modelling of the 165 km 3 Currituck landslide (Locat et al, 2009), also revealed potential for a devastating tsunami .…”

Section: Timing Of the Failure And Implications For Geohazard Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology, age and sediment dynamics of the upper headwall of the Sahara Slide Complex, Northwest Africa: Evidence for a large Late Holocene failure

Li¹,

Alves

Urlaub

et al. 2017

Marine Geology

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The Sahara Slide Complex in Northwest Africa is a giant submarine landslide with an estimated runout length of ~ 900 km. We present newly acquired high-resolution multibeam bathymetry, sidescan sonar, and sub-bottom profiler data to investigate the seafloor morphology, sediment dynamics and the timing of formation of the upper headwall area of the Sahara Slide Complex. The data reveal a ~35 kmwide upper headwall opening towards the northwest with multiple slide scarps, glide planes, plateaus, lobes, slide blocks and slide debris. The slide scarps in the study area are formed by retrogressive failure events, which resulted in two types of mass movements, translational sliding and spreading. Three different glide planes (GP I, II, and III) can be distinguished approximately 100 m, 50 m and 20 m below the seafloor. These glide planes are widespread and suggest failure along pronounced, continuous weak layers. Our new data suggest an age of only about 2 ka for the failure of the upper headwall area, a date much younger than derived for the landslide deposits on the lower reaches of the Sahara Slide Complex, which are dated at 50-60 ka. The young age of the failure contradicts the postulate of a stable slope off Northwest Africa during times of relative stable sea-level highstands. Such an observation suggests that

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Section: Timing Of the Failure And Implications For Geohazard Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology, age and sediment dynamics of the upper headwall of the Sahara Slide Complex, Northwest Africa: Evidence for a large Late Holocene failure

Li¹,

Alves

Urlaub

et al. 2017

Marine Geology

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“…More details about the BING model, including the governing equations and derivations, are included in Imran et al (2001). The BING model has also been used in other studies to describe submarine landslide dynamics in tsunami modeling (e.g., L'Heureux et al 2012;Glimsdal et al 2013;Harbitz et al 2014;Løvholt et al 2014).…”

Section: Landslide Dynamics and Run-outmentioning

confidence: 99%

The 29th January 2014 submarine landslide at Statland, Norway—landslide dynamics, tsunami generation, and run-up

et al. 2016

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A coastal landslide occurred at Statland, Namdalseid county, mid-Norway, on January 29, 2014, and generated a local tsunami. Neither the landslide nor the tsunami resulted in severe casualties, but the landslide tsunami gave rise to a maximum runup height of 10 m and caused local damage to the Statland village. The limited size of the landslide as well as the availability of both pre-and post-landslide bathymetry and tsunami run-up data enable insight into the joint landslide-tsunami process. We first present the results of the post-tsunami field survey, followed by a description of the combined modeling of the landslide dynamics, tsunami generation, and run-up. The modeling initially involved different hypotheses of the landslide dynamics. By comparing the simulated tsunami run-up for these different scenarios with onsite observations, it was possible to reconstruct the landslide dynamics and tsunami generation. Retrofitting of this event utilized both observations of the landslide deposits as well as sea surface withdrawal values.

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“…Other modelling approaches are based upon the principles of the fl uid dynamics. Thus, Fine et al [27] [28,29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The combination of both approaches served to discuss the range of uncertainty involved in the kinematics of the slides, and to defi ne the sensitivity tests. The scenario of BIG'95 also served for model intercomparison (in terms of the generated tsunami) of the present approach with the one using a Bingham fl uid with interspersed solid blocks [15,28,29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Exploratory Modelling Study on Late Pleistocene Mega-Tsunamis Triggered By Giant Submarine Landslides in the Mediterranean

Abril¹,

Periáñez²

2017

Ann Limnol Oceanogr

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Gigantic submarine landslides are among the most energetic events on the Earth surface. During the Late Pleistocene the Mediterranean Sea was the scenario of a 9 number of such events, some of whose geological fi ngerprints are the 500 km 3 mass transport deposit SL2 at the Nile delta fan (dated at ca. 110 ka BP) and the Herodotus Basing Megaturbidite (HBM, a 400 km 3 deposit dated at ca. 27.1 ka BP). This paper presents an exploratory study on the tsunamigenic potential of these slides by using a numerical model based on the 2D depth-averaged non-linear barotropic shallow water equations. The sliding mass is modelled both as a rigid block with a prescribed motion and as a viscous fl ow layer. The 26 km 3 debris fl ow BIG'95 scenario (at the Ebro continental slope, 11.5 ka BP) served for model com-parison against independent modelling works. Based upon the available geologicalstudies, several source scenarios have been modelled. Our results show that the generated tsunamis would have had up to hundred fold the peak energy of some extreme historical ones, such as the 1755 Lisbon tsunami. Thus, the HBM tsunami could have reached peak energies over one hundred Megatons, producing runups over 50 m height along some 1300 km 2 of shoreline in the eastern Mediterranean.The study also comprises their propagation pattern, their impacts along the former shoreline and their energy partitioning. The highest tsunami energies were associated to thick landslides at shallow depths, with high slope angles and within a gulf geometry.

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Modeling Potential Tsunami Generation by the BIG’95 Landslide

Cited by 8 publications

References 18 publications

Morphology, age and sediment dynamics of the upper headwall of the Sahara Slide Complex, Northwest Africa: Evidence for a large Late Holocene failure

Morphology, age and sediment dynamics of the upper headwall of the Sahara Slide Complex, Northwest Africa: Evidence for a large Late Holocene failure

The 29th January 2014 submarine landslide at Statland, Norway—landslide dynamics, tsunami generation, and run-up

An Exploratory Modelling Study on Late Pleistocene Mega-Tsunamis Triggered By Giant Submarine Landslides in the Mediterranean

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