Modeling On-Body DTN Packet Routing Delay in the Presence of Postural Disconnections

Abstract

This paper presents a stochastic modeling framework for store-and-forward packet routing in Wireless Body Area Networks (WBAN) with postural partitioning. A prototype WBANs has been constructed for experimentally characterizing and capturing on-body topology disconnections in the presence of ultrashort range radio links, unpredictable RF attenuation, and human postural mobility. Delay modeling techniques for evaluating single-copy on-body DTN routing protocols are then developed. End-to-end routing delay for a series of protocols including opportunistic, randomized, and two other mechanisms that capture multiscale topological localities in human postural movements have been evaluated. Performance of the analyzed protocols are then evaluated experimentally and via simulation to compare with the results obtained from the developed model. Finally, a mechanism for evaluating the topological importance of individual on-body sensor nodes is developed. It is shown that such information can be used for selectively reducing the on-body sensor-count without substantially sacrificing the packet delivery delay.

Innovative Data Transmission and Routing Strategies of Wireless Body Area Sensor Networks: Taxonomy, Review, Issues and Constraints of State of the Art Contributions in Recent Literature

“…Complexities might rise in the case of final transmission, challenges in case of time delay and time lag, which might require certain levels of pre and post, processes [62] Prediction: It is imperative from important data that WBASN should have efficient protocol and algorithm for predicting health problems like heart attack [63] for effective success and health application.…”

“…Synchronization of time is a big challenge in the communication system, when the routers are receiving the data from one node, it is also mandatory to receive the data that is coming from other nodes, so we require developing the synchronization events which collects data without any losses [62]. Prediction WBASN should have efficient protocol and algorithm for predicting health problems like heart attack [63] for effective success and health application.…”

Technical Issues and Challenges in Building Human Body Sensor Networks

“…9. Average packet hop count [22] [23] "Design and analysis of an energy-saving distributed mac mechanism for wireless body sensor networks." This paper discusses the performance of distributed MAC process (DMAC) for wireless body sensor networks; this is done by incorporation of energy aware radio activation policies into the high performance of distributed queuing medium.…”

“…Key management , Key generation , Key Exchange , Key recordability ,Key [27][30] [22] Operational resources in body sensor networks are highly restricted, incorporation of key management scheme lead to overhead, synchronization issues at the lost of security which is also essential.…”

FREAK DTN: Frequency Routing, Encounters And Keenness for DTN

“…However, low memory devices may not be able to handle long disruptions. A more representative scenario for DTN is the health monitoring scenario, such as defined in [8], which is presented for an analysis of singlecopy routing protocols. In this scenario, the path existence is assumed to be known.…”