Modeling OLED lighting using Monte Carlo ray tracing and rigorous coupling wave analyses

Technical status of top-emission organic light-emitting diodes

“…However, the TE mode has strong radiative power in the waveguided mode. Thus, the TM and TE modes can affect different loss mechanisms in TEOLEDs, so they must be controlled to achieve optically high efficiency [55][56][57].…”

A simple estimation of OLED light extraction enhancement due to refractive modulation lattice diffraction

“…5) The other is an in-plane decoration of the layers. Numerical examples have been proposed including, a diffraction lattice, 6) plasmonic crystals, 7) periodic corrugation, 8) photonic crystals, 9,10) micro-lens or randomphased arrays, [11][12][13][14][15][16][17] and scattering. [18][19][20] The theoretical design methods include geometrical ray tracing, 12) a Monte Carlo method, 15) and rigorous coupling wave analysis (RCWA).…”

“…[18][19][20] The theoretical design methods include geometrical ray tracing, 12) a Monte Carlo method, 15) and rigorous coupling wave analysis (RCWA). 7,8) The finite difference time domain (FDTD) method, which has been known to have great potential for OLED emissions, 21) is also used. 10) However, it requires heuristic assumptions and constraints, such as absorbing boundary conditions.…”