Modeling of wind farms in the load flow analysis

Feijóo, Andrés; Cidrás, J.

doi:10.1109/59.852108

Cited by 312 publications

(149 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…WT usually absorbs a large amount of reactive power to provide the excitation current for establishing the magnetic field while generating active power. So WT can be simplified as PQ bus and have a constant power factor through the automatic capacitor switching [30]. The reactive power of WT can be formulated as:…”

Section: Probabilistic Model Of Power Injectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maximum entropy based probabilistic load flow calculation for power system integrated with wind power generation

Sui

Hou

Jia

et al. 2018

J. Mod. Power Syst. Clean Energy

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Distributed generation including wind turbine (WT) and photovoltaic panel increased very fast in recent years around the world, challenging the conventional way of probabilistic load flow (PLF) calculation. Reliable and efficient PLF method is required to take into account such changing. This paper studies the maximum entropy probabilistic density function reconstruction method based on cumulant arithmetic of linearized load flow formulation, and then develops a maximum entropy based PLF (ME-PLF) calculation algorithm for power system integrated with wind power generation (WPG). Comparing to traditional Gram-Charlier expansion based PLF (GC-PLF) calculation method, the proposed ME-PLF calculation algorithm can obtain more reliable and accurate probabilistic density functions (PDFs) of bus voltages and branch flows in various WT parameter scenarios. It can solve the limitation of GC-PLF calculation method that mistakenly gaining negative values in tail regions of PDFs. Linear dependence between active and reactive power injections of WPG can also be effectively considered by the modified cumulant calculation framework. Accuracy and efficiency of the proposed approach are validated with some test systems. Uncertainties yielded by the wind speed variations, WT locations, power factor fluctuations are considered.

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Section: Probabilistic Model Of Power Injectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maximum entropy based probabilistic load flow calculation for power system integrated with wind power generation

Sui

Hou

Jia

et al. 2018

J. Mod. Power Syst. Clean Energy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The λ value is also used for computing the maximum rotor efficiency in Eq. (2). At each iteration, P rated and λ values are randomly updated by using Eq.…”

Section: Constraints and Optimization Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accordingly, several studies and applications in terms of modeling and control methods have been demonstrated for WTSs in the literature [2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Modeling of a wind turbine generator and its integration into grid systems were performed in [2,3]. In [4], the authors investigated the effect of system voltage level on the power characteristics of both fixed-and variable-speed WTSs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For these reasons, the use of wind turbine systems (WTSs), and especially horizontal-axis wind turbine systems (HAWTSs), for electrical energy production has increased. Accordingly, several studies and applications in terms of modeling and control methods have been demonstrated for WTSs in the literature [2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Modeling of a wind turbine generator and its integration into grid systems were performed in [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Site-specific design optimization of horizontal-axis wind turbine systems using PSO algorithm

Eminoğlu¹

2016

Turk J Elec Eng & Comp Sci

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Abstract:Due to the complexity of wind turbine systems (WTSs) containing multiple components, design parameters of a WTS must match each other in order to produce electrical energy at a lower cost and a higher efficiency. In this study, a framework for site-specific design optimization of a horizontal-axis WTS is proposed. It is based on cost reduction and the objective function is the produced energy cost. The cost of energy model proposed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory is utilized. In order to compute turbine output power that results in annual energy production, a new approach is proposed to model the power coefficient of rotor for fixed-speed WTSs. Design optimizations are performed by using a particle swarm optimization algorithm, which appears to be efficient for this type of problem.WTSs in northern Europe and the Mediterranean were studied. Results show that optimized WTSs for these sites have high profitability in terms of cost and amount of energy when compared with reference WTSs installed in these sites.Parametric analyses are also undertaken in order to evaluate the effect of wind characteristics on the produced energy cost for both types of WTSs and the effects of rotor tip-speed ratio and turbine-rated power on the design parameters and produced energy cost for fixed-speed WTSs. It is concluded that rotor tip-speed ratio has strong effects on design wind speed for fixed-speed WTSs and on the cost of kWh.

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“…It is assumed that the site being considered for a wind farm is comprised of 12 wind turbines rated 2500 kW each. The goal of the model is to calculate the active power provided by the wind generator, given the measured values of wind speed and his direction (Feijoo & Cidras, 2001), as well as the reactive power, which depend on the active power and the voltage of connection. The active power produced by a turbine can be expressed by the following equation:…”

Section: Wind Farm Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%