Modeling of water transport in highly saturated concrete with wet surface during freeze/thaw

Gong, Fuyuan; Jacobsen, Stefan

doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2018.08.013

Cited by 89 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…This process proceeds until a thermodynamic equilibrium is reached between the ice lenses and the surrounding pore solution [9]. This process is commonly called ''cryogenic suction'' [11] or ''cryosuction'' [12]. (2) The eutectic freezing behavior of salt solutions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salt frost attack on concrete: the combined effect of cryogenic suction and chloride binding on ice formation

2021

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Scaling of concrete due to salt frost attack is an important durability issue in moderate and cold climates. The actual damage mechanism is still not completely understood. Two recent damage theories—the glue spall theory and the cryogenic suction theory—offer plausible, but conflicting explanations for the salt frost scaling mechanism. The present study deals with the cryogenic suction theory, which assumes that freezing concrete can take up unfrozen brine from a partly frozen deicing solution during salt frost attack. According to the model hypothesis, the resulting saturation of the concrete surface layer intensifies the ice formation in this layer and causes salt frost scaling. In this study an experimental technique was developed that makes it possible to quantify to which extent brine uptake can increase ice formation in hardened cement paste (used as a model material for concrete). The experiments were carried out with low temperature differential scanning calorimetry, where specimens were subjected to freeze–thaw cycles while being in contact with NaCl brine. Results showed that the ice content in the specimens increased with subsequent freeze–thaw cycles due to the brine uptake at temperatures below 0 °C. The ability of the hardened cement paste to bind chlorides from the absorbed brine at the same time affected the freezing/melting behavior of the pore solution and the magnitude of the ice content.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salt frost attack on concrete: the combined effect of cryogenic suction and chloride binding on ice formation

2021

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“…Available models of heat and moisture transfer in soil under freezing and thawing conditions take into account the moisture conductivity of soil [36][37][38][39]. An obligatory element of models of moisture transfer in freezing soil is taking into account cryosuction, i.e., capillary force associated with the presence of a phase transition [40][41][42], natural convection in water that fills soil pores [43], and vapor transfer in water-free soil pores and snow cover [44][45][46]. After all, it is important to account correctly for solar radiation, which depends on the location and state of the atmosphere [47,48].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Temperature in Disturbed Ecosystems of Central Siberia: Remote Sensing Data and Numerical Simulation

Ponomareva

Litvintsev

Finnikov

et al. 2021

Forests

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We investigated changes in the temperature regime of post-fire and post-technogenic cryogenic soils of Central Siberia using remote sensing data and results of numerical simulation. We have selected the time series of satellite data for two variants of plots with disturbed vegetation and on-ground cover: natural ecosystems of post-fire plots and post-technogenic plots with reclamation as well as dumps without reclamation. Surface thermal anomalies and temperature in soil horizons were evaluated from remote data and numerical simulation and compared with summarized experimental data. We estimated the influence of soil profile disturbances on the temperature anomalies forming on the surface and in soil horizons based on the results of heat transfer modeling in the soil profile. According to remote sensing data, within 20 years, the thermal insulation properties of the vegetation cover restore in the post-fire areas, and the relative temperature anomaly reaches the level of background values. In post-technogenic plots, conditions are more “contrast” comparing to the background, and the process of the thermal regime restoration takes a longer time (>60 years). Forming “neo-technogenic ecosystems” are distinct in special thermal regimes of soils that differ from the background ones both in reclamated and in non-reclamated plots. An assumption was made of the changes in the moisture content regime as the main factor causing the long-term existence of thermal anomalies in the upper soil horizons of disturbed plots. In addition, we discussed the formation of transition zones (“ecotones”) along the periphery of the disturbed plots due to horizontal heat transfer.

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“…Based on the studies in [5,33,41,52], the water transport mechanism during FTC is clarified for fully-saturated specimens (see Figure 5). During freezing, the ice expansion can cause residual deformation, resulting in the increase in the pore volume.…”

Section: Electrical Resistivity Values At Reference Temperature and Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because ice formation is essential for understanding the frost damage of concrete [33], electrical measurements have been applied to estimate the ice content below freezing point [34][35][36][37][38]. To estimate the ice content of mortar sample saturated with NaCl solutions, the relationships between the combined effects of saturation degree, temperature and solution ions concentration and the electrical conductivity of mortar samples were clarified [37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Examination of Electrical Characteristics for Portland Cement Mortar Frost Damage Evaluation

et al. 2020

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Electrical measurements are promising for evaluation of frost damage of concrete, but the index is still controversial. In this paper, to propose an efficient index, various electrical characteristics were examined to correlate them with the mechanical property degradation of meso-scale mortar samples due to combined effects of sodium chloride and freeze–thaw cycles (FTCs). While the electrical responses of specimens were measured during FTCs, the mechanical properties were obtained from three-point bending tests after FTCs. Typical microstructural change after the damage was also analyzed by using a water absorption test. The results showed that no clear degradation tendency was observed for electrical resistivity at the lowest temperature, the activation energy or the freezing/thawing point change with the FTCs. The reduction in electrical resistivity at reference temperature has a consistent tendency with that of elastic modulus and flexural strength, thus can be an efficient index for quantitative frost damage evaluation. The change due to salt-frost damage is mainly due to the increase of connectivity rather than porosity.

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Modeling of water transport in highly saturated concrete with wet surface during freeze/thaw

Cited by 89 publications

References 29 publications

Salt frost attack on concrete: the combined effect of cryogenic suction and chloride binding on ice formation

Salt frost attack on concrete: the combined effect of cryogenic suction and chloride binding on ice formation

Soil Temperature in Disturbed Ecosystems of Central Siberia: Remote Sensing Data and Numerical Simulation

Experimental Examination of Electrical Characteristics for Portland Cement Mortar Frost Damage Evaluation

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