Modeling of ultrafiltration process for a two-component aqueous solution of low and high (gel-forming) molecular weight solutes

Resistance in series model for micellar enhanced ultrafiltration of eosin dye

“…According to resistance-in-series models, the flux decline is due to the combined effects of (i) fouling of the membrane (reversible and/or irreversible pore blocking) [15,16] and (ii) concentration polarization over the membrane surface [17][18][19]. But in gel polarization models the decrease in flux is due to the hydraulic resistance of the deposited gel layer over the membrane surface [20,21]. On the other hand, in osmotic-pressure-controlled models, flux decline is due to the decrease in effective transmembrane pressure drop which occurs as the osmotic pressure of the retained solution increases [22,23].…”

Colloidal fouling of nanofiltration membranes: A novel transient electrokinetic model and experimental study

“…By considering one dimensional mass transfer within the boundary layer (0 oy oδ) the following equation is obtained for the transient growth of cake layer (De and Bhattacharya, 1997;Hong et al, 1997):…”

“…It is worth noting that, the porosity values in literature lie between 0.34 (for random close packing of hard spheres) and 0.74 (for smaller particles in a very dilute electrolyte) (Faibish et al, 1998). Most researchers evaluated porosity ∼40 (almost random close packing) for their particular condition (∼100 nm silica particles and 10 mM KCl solution for a wide range of pressure, flow rate and pH) (De and Bhattacharya, 1997;Faibish et al, 1998;Hoek and Elimelech, 2003;Hong et al, 1997). The porosity values in this study (48)(49)(50)(51)(52) are in good agreement with literature data considering our different condition (NaCl solution at pH 7).…”

Treatment of leather plant effluent using NF followed by RO and permeate flux prediction using artificial neural network

“…Several reports are available for the treatment of leather plant effluent using membrane-based processes [3,5,6]. Various flux decline mechanisms are proposed in the literature, e.g., osmotic pressure governed flux decline [13,14], gel or cake layer controlled flux decline [15,16], various steps for blocking the membrane pores, like, complete pore blocking, standard pore blocking, intermediate pore blocking, etc. [17,18].…”