Modeling of thrust fronts above ductile and frictional detachments: Application to structures in the Salt Range and Potwar Plateau, Pakistan

Cotton, James T.; Koyi, Hemin

doi:10.1130/0016-7606(2000)112<351:motfad>2.0.co;2

Cited by 267 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…and in nature Cotton and Koyi (2000) proposed a sandbox experiment that interestingly mimics the study area even if it was not intended o reproduce it (Figure 11). The experiment comprises a sandbox undergoing N-S compression; the sand is lying over a frictional substrate in the western part whereas it is underlain by a ductile level in its eastern part (Figure 11).…”

Section: Comparisons With Comparable Settings Both In Laboratorymentioning

confidence: 99%

The transition between Makran subduction and the Zagros collision: recent advances in its structure and active deformation

Regard

Hatzfeld

Molinaro

et al. 2010

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SE Iran is the site of a rare case of young transition between subduction and collision. We have synthesized recent results in geodesy, tectonics, seismology and magnetism to help understand the structure and kinematics of the Zagros–Makran transition. Surface observations (tectonics, magnetism and geodesy) indicate a transpressive discontinuity consisting of several faults striking obliquely to the convergent plate motion, whereas deeper observations (seismology) support a smooth transition across the fault system. No lithospheric transform fault has been created, although the transition already behaves like a major boundary in terms of tectonic style, seismic structure, lithology and magnetism. The Zendan–Minab–Palami fault system consists of several faults that accommodate a transpressive tectonic regime. It is the surface expression of a southward propagation of the north–south-trending right-lateral strike-slip fault system of Jiroft–Sabzevaran. Within each system the numerous faults will coalesce into a single, lithospheric, wrench fault.

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Section: Comparisons With Comparable Settings Both In Laboratorymentioning

confidence: 99%

The transition between Makran subduction and the Zagros collision: recent advances in its structure and active deformation

Regard

Hatzfeld

Molinaro

et al. 2010

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show abstract

“…In purely 2-D systems, such resistance comes only from the friction / shear stress resistance exerted at the base of the system (Chapple, 1978;Suppe, 1981;Davis et al, 1983;Dahlen, 1990), and additional stresses if the detachment system is not horizontal (e.g., Koyi and Vendeville, 2003). Where the foldand-thrust belt detaches on an evaporitic layer, rocksalt's viscosity is so low that the critical surface slope is very gentle, near zero or so (Davis and Engelder, 1985;Cotton and Koyi, 2000;Costa and Vendeville, 2002;Storti et al, 2007), and the deformation front can rapidly propagate across the entire basin and reach the foreland salt pinch out.…”

Section: Discussion / Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Very few experiments and numerical simulations started with a frictional domain between the backstop and the interbedded viscous level (e.g. Cotton and Koyi 2000, Costa and Vendeville 2002, Stockmal et al, 2007, Yin et al, 2011. In the latter cases, the frictional domain along the backstop was narrow, in the range of 5-10 cm.…”

Section: Experimental Design and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

How the presence of a salt décollement in the sedimentary cover influences the behavior of subsalt thrusts in fold-and-thrust belts

Vendeville

Tang

Graveleau

et al. 2017

Bull. Soc. géol. Fr.

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-We conducted a series of analogue experiments on shortening of a brittle cover (dry sand) above a deep, thin, frictional detachment (glass microbeads). In some experiments, the cover was homogeneous, entirely brittle. In others, there was a thin viscous silicone layer (representing salt) embedded at mid height into the cover, and initially located in the foreland of the fold-and-thrust belt. Our goal was to determine whether or not the presence of such a décollement in the cover could have an impact on the mechanics and kinematics of the underlying subsalt thrusts. Results confirm that, once the front of the foldbelt reached the hinterland salt pinch out, the kinematics of the deeper belt changed drastically: its front stopped propagating forward, and most of the subsequent shortening was accommodated by a larger-than-normal slip along the foremost and youngest deep thrust, while, above the salt décollement, the deformation front propagated very fast, creating a very low surface slope. We hypothesize that it is the gentle sub-critical surface slope associated with rocksalt's low viscosity that prevents the build-up of an overall surface slope steep enough to allow the underlying, deep foldbelt to continue propagating forward. Finally, one experiment in which only one half of the width of the model comprised an interbedded viscous décollement has shown that the kinematics of the deep thrust was affected even in the adjacent salt-free domain.Keywords: salt tectonics / fold-and-thrust belts / analogue modeling / décollement Résumé -Influence de la présence d'un niveau de décollement évaporitique situé au sein de la couverture sur l'évolution des chevauchements sub-salifères profonds lors de la propagation d'une chaîne d'avant-pays. Nous avons réalisé une série d'expériences de modélisation analogique étudiant le raccourcissement d'une couverture sédimentaire constituée de matériel fragile (sable sec) enracinée sur un niveau profond frictionnel (microbilles de verre), mais comprenant localement une couche visqueuse interstratifiée de plus faible résistance mécanique (polymère de silicone). Le but de ces expériences était d'analyser l'impact d'un tel niveau de décollement visqueux superficiel sur la mécanique et la cinématique des chevauchements de la zone profonde, et notamment sur les modalités de la transmission de la déformation entre les deux niveaux de décollement. Les résultats expérimentaux confirment bien que, lorsque le front de déformation profond atteint la région où se trouve la série visqueuse interstratifiée, la cinématique des chevauchements profonds change de façon drastique. Le front de déformation profond cesse de se propager vers l'extérieur du modèle, et le chevauchement profond le plus jeune se connecte avec le niveau de décollement superficiel. Ainsi, la plus grande partie du raccourcissement est transmise aux séries superficielles de la couverture. Le front de déformation migre rapidement vers l'extérieur en se propageant sur le niveau à faible résistance mécanique. La pente topograp...

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“…Salt (evaporites) plays a key role in the deformation style and evolution of fold-andthrust belts (FTB) (Davis and Engelder 1985;Letouezey et al, 1995;Buttler et al 1987;Jaume and Lillie, 1988;Jackson and Talbot, 1991;Cotton and Koyi, 2000;Costa and Vendeville, 2002;Rowan et al 2004). There are at least 12 FTB around the world that detach over a ductile salt layer (Jackson and Talbot, 1991;Cotton and Koyi, 2000), and most of them have been the subject of multiples studies such as the Appennines (Coward et al, 1999), the central Appalachian Engelder, 1985, 1987), the Jura (Laubscher, 1977;Philippe et al, 1996), the Mediterranean ridge offshore Libya (Von Huene, 1997;Mascle et al, 1999), the Parry Islands foldand-thrust belt in the Canadian Arctic (Harrison and Bally, 1988;Harrison, 1995), the Romanian Carpathians (Stephanescu et al, 2000), the Salt Range in Pakistan (Butler et al, 1987;Davis and Lillie, 1994), and the Sierra Madre Oriental in northeast Mexico (Camerlo, 1998;Fischer and Jackson, 1999;Marrett, 1999) (cited in Costa and Vendeville, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are at least 12 FTB around the world that detach over a ductile salt layer (Jackson and Talbot, 1991;Cotton and Koyi, 2000), and most of them have been the subject of multiples studies such as the Appennines (Coward et al, 1999), the central Appalachian Engelder, 1985, 1987), the Jura (Laubscher, 1977;Philippe et al, 1996), the Mediterranean ridge offshore Libya (Von Huene, 1997;Mascle et al, 1999), the Parry Islands foldand-thrust belt in the Canadian Arctic (Harrison and Bally, 1988;Harrison, 1995), the Romanian Carpathians (Stephanescu et al, 2000), the Salt Range in Pakistan (Butler et al, 1987;Davis and Lillie, 1994), and the Sierra Madre Oriental in northeast Mexico (Camerlo, 1998;Fischer and Jackson, 1999;Marrett, 1999) (cited in Costa and Vendeville, 2002). These well-studied examples, and the use of analogue modeling (Koyi, 1988;Cobbold et al, 1989;Dixon and Liu 1992;Huiqi et al 1992;Letouezey et al, 1995;Koyi, 1998;Cotton and Koyi, 2000;Costa and Vendeville, 2002) have given us insight into the effects of salt detachments in the dynamical evolution of FTB.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic Imaging of Salt-influenced Compressional Folds

Valencia¹,

Carolina²

2016

78th EAGE Conference and Exhibition 2016

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Modeling of thrust fronts above ductile and frictional detachments: Application to structures in the Salt Range and Potwar Plateau, Pakistan

Cited by 267 publications

References 10 publications

The transition between Makran subduction and the Zagros collision: recent advances in its structure and active deformation

The transition between Makran subduction and the Zagros collision: recent advances in its structure and active deformation

How the presence of a salt décollement in the sedimentary cover influences the behavior of subsalt thrusts in fold-and-thrust belts

Seismic Imaging of Salt-influenced Compressional Folds

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