Modeling of the Three-way Catalytic Converter by Recurrent Neural Networks

Schürholz, Klemens; Bruckner, Daniel; Gresser, Melissa; Abel, Dirk

doi:10.1016/j.ifacol.2018.09.166

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Picerno et al developed a real-time simulation approach for engine-out emissions from a diesel engine, taking into consideration the detailed chemistry of the emission formation [43]. Real-time capable simulation models for the exhaust gas aftertreatment system are presented, for example, by Schürholz [44,45] (KNN-based approach) and Odendall [46] and Auckenthaler [47] (control-oriented models).…”

Section: Hil-based Virtual Calibration and Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transferability Assessment of OBD-Related Calibration and Validation Activities from the Vehicle to HiL Applications

Dorscheidt,

Pischinger,

Bailly

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

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With the Euro 7 pollutant emission legislation currently under discussion, advanced and more efficient exhaust aftertreatment systems are being developed. The technologies required for these are leading to an increase in the number of components and control systems requiring diagnoses strategies under the on-board diagnostics (OBD) legislation. With concurrent shorter development times and significant reductions in budgets allocated to conventional powertrain development, challenges in the field of OBD calibration and verification are already rising sharply. In response to these challenges, hardware-in-the-loop (HiL) approaches have been successfully introduced to support and replace conventional development methods. The use of complex simulation models significantly improves the quality of calibrations while minimizing the number of required prototype vehicles and test resources, thus reducing development costs. This paper presents a feasibility study for moving OBD-related calibration and validation tasks from the vehicle to a HiL platform. In this context, the calibration and verification process of an active diagnostic for monitoring the condition of the three-way catalyst (TWC) and the oxygen sensors in the exhaust aftertreatment system is presented. It is shown that all relevant signals are simulated with sufficient accuracy to ensure a robust transfer from the vehicle to a HiL test bench. Special attention is given to the simulation of aged components and their influence on the emission behavior of the system. Furthermore, it is discussed that transferring OBD tasks from the vehicle to the HiL test bench could result in significant savings in development time and a reduction in the number of physical prototype vehicles and test resources required.

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Section: Hil-based Virtual Calibration and Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transferability Assessment of OBD-Related Calibration and Validation Activities from the Vehicle to HiL Applications

Dorscheidt,

Pischinger,

Bailly

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

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show abstract

“…These studies had specific reference values, but failed to consider the time characteristics of TWC oxygen storage and release. Schürholz et al 21 simulated the working process of a TWC using recurrent neural networks (RNNs). In this study, various training methods and activation functions were evaluated to investigate their effects on simulating the working process of the TWC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxygen storage modeling of a three-way catalyst based on a NARX network

Yao

Chen

Lin

et al. 2023

Catal. Sci. Technol.

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“…Usually, because complex kinetic approaches are proposed, with a remarkable amount of chemical reactions. 13,41,46 On the other hand, lumped-parameter control-oriented models, some of them based on first principles and other ones grey or black-box models based on phenomenological correlations, 47–58 are fast enough even for on-board applications, but usually their assumptions and simplifications of the physical phenomena do not allow to understand what is actually happening inside the converter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling three-way catalytic converter oriented to engine cold-start conditions

Real

Hedinger

Plá

et al. 2019

International Journal of Engine Research

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This article introduces a physical model of a three-way catalytic converter oriented to engine cold-start conditions. Computational cost is an important factor, particularly when the modelling is oriented to the development of engine control strategies. That is why a one-dimensional one-channel real-time capable model is proposed. The present model accounts for two phases, gas and solid, respectively, considering not only the heat transfer by convection between both, but also the water vapour condensation and evaporation in the catalyst brick, which plays a key role during engine cold-start. Moreover, the model addresses the conductive heat flow, heat losses to the environment and exothermic reactions in the solid phase, as well as the convective heat flow in the gas phase. Regarding the chemical model, the oxidation of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide is considered by means of the Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanism. Three layers make up the model structure from a kinetic point of view, bulk gas, washcoat pores and noble metal in the catalyst surface. The model takes fuel-to-air ratio, exhaust gas mass flow, temperature, pressure and gas composition as inputs, providing the thermal distribution as well as the species concentration along the converter.

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Modeling of the Three-way Catalytic Converter by Recurrent Neural Networks

Cited by 13 publications

References 13 publications

Transferability Assessment of OBD-Related Calibration and Validation Activities from the Vehicle to HiL Applications

Transferability Assessment of OBD-Related Calibration and Validation Activities from the Vehicle to HiL Applications

Oxygen storage modeling of a three-way catalyst based on a NARX network

Modelling three-way catalytic converter oriented to engine cold-start conditions

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