Modeling of the Spread of an Effluent and the Overturning Length Scale near an Underwater Source in the Northern Adriatic

Malačič, Vlado; Mozetič, Patricija

doi:10.1021/ci050201s

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…On the other hand, no clear signal in terms of abundance, production, diversity indices, or nutrient conditions was observed near the submarine outflow. This was expected as the wastewater entering the sea through submarine pipelines with numerous diffusers could be immediately diluted ( Malačič and Mozetič, 2005 ), whereas the estuarine circulation could further disperse the polluted water in a horizontal direction ( Soczka Mandac et al, 2014 ; Álvarez-Vázquez et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…( Mandac and Faganeli, 2015 ; Álvarez-Vázquez et al, 2016 ; Sun et al, 2020 ). Alternatively, treated wastewater might be discharged directly into the marine environment via submarine outfalls, in which low-density effluent rises to the surface and gets diluted along the water column ( Malačič and Mozetič, 2005 ; Mozetič et al, 2008 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bacterial Indicators Are Ubiquitous Members of Pelagic Microbiome in Anthropogenically Impacted Coastal Ecosystem

et al. 2022

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Coastal zones are exposed to various anthropogenic impacts, such as different types of wastewater pollution, e.g., treated wastewater discharges, leakage from sewage systems, and agricultural and urban runoff. These various inputs can introduce allochthonous organic matter and microbes, including pathogens, into the coastal marine environment. The presence of fecal bacterial indicators in the coastal environment is usually monitored using traditional culture-based methods that, however, fail to detect their uncultured representatives. We have conducted a year-around in situ survey of the pelagic microbiome of the dynamic coastal ecosystem, subjected to different anthropogenic pressures to depict the seasonal and spatial dynamics of traditional and alternative fecal bacterial indicators. To provide an insight into the environmental conditions under which bacterial indicators thrive, a suite of environmental factors and bacterial community dynamics were analyzed concurrently. Analyses of 16S rRNA amplicon sequences revealed that the coastal microbiome was primarily structured by seasonal changes regardless of the distance from the wastewater pollution sources. On the other hand, fecal bacterial indicators were not affected by seasons and accounted for up to 34% of the sequence proportion for a given sample. Even more so, traditional fecal indicator bacteria (Enterobacteriaceae) and alternative wastewater-associated bacteria (Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Arcobacteraceae, Pseudomonadaceae and Vibrionaceae) were part of the core coastal microbiome, i.e., present at all sampling stations. Microbial source tracking and Lagrangian particle tracking, which we employed to assess the potential pollution source, revealed the importance of riverine water as a vector for transmission of allochthonous microbes into the marine system. Further phylogenetic analysis showed that the Arcobacteraceae in our data set was affiliated with the pathogenic Arcobacter cryaerophilus, suggesting that a potential exposure risk for bacterial pathogens in anthropogenically impacted coastal zones remains. We emphasize that molecular analyses combined with statistical and oceanographic models may provide new insights for environmental health assessment and reveal the potential source and presence of microbial indicators, which are otherwise overlooked by a cultivation approach.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Indicators Are Ubiquitous Members of Pelagic Microbiome in Anthropogenically Impacted Coastal Ecosystem

et al. 2022

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Numerical study of the role of wind forcing and freshwater buoyancy input on the circulation in a shallow embayment (Gulf of Trieste, Northern Adriatic Sea)

Querin¹,

Crise²,

Deponte³

et al. 2006

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] This paper investigates the role of wind forcing and river discharge on a small-scale shallow embayment: the Gulf of Trieste. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of these dominant processes is carried out using a high resolution numerical model, initialized and forced with experimental data. The simulations are focused on short-term transient events, which occurred during the stratification season (spring and summer). Two significant case studies are analyzed in detail: a strong wind event during summer and a river flood during spring. The model output is also checked against the results of a nondimensional scale analysis and against buoy and satellite observed data. These comparisons show a good correlation, validating the numerical simulations for the two case studies. The model shows that strong wind events blowing on stably stratified water cause coastal upwelling and almost entirely mix the water column in a few hours. Strong wind-driven currents can flush the whole basin in almost 3 days. On the contrary, river floods affect mainly the upper layer, down to 5 m. The circulation is estuarine with a sharp vertical density gradient and horizontal fronts at the interface between plume freshwater and ambient salty water. Given the length scale of the basin, the effect of rotation is weak and a local coastal current in geostrophic balance is not formed during the simulated time period (20 days).Citation: Querin, S., A. Crise, D. Deponte, and C. Solidoro (2006), Numerical study of the role of wind forcing and freshwater buoyancy input on the circulation in a shallow embayment (Gulf of Trieste, Northern

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A case study of sewage discharge in the shallow coastal area of the Northern Adriatic Sea (Gulf of Trieste)

2008

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A case study was carried out in 2000 in the shallow coastal area of the Northern Adriatic Sea (Gulf of Trieste) where untreated domestic sewage and industrial wastes are discharged at rate of 5500 m3·day−1. The sewage plume above the outfall was followed using faecal coliforms (FC) and overturning length scale (lT). The latter was rejected as a marker as the discharge conditions prohibit following the turbulence of sewage water. Intermittent sewage discharge is reflected in the minimal effect of eutrophication. Increase of phytoplankton biomass is thus only minor compared with the unpolluted area regardless of elevated concentrations of sewage‐derived nutrients (confirmed by correlation coefficients between FC and NH4+, TP, PO43−: 0.78, 0.71 and 0.67, respectively). Deteriorated trophic status, determined by the TRIX index, was observed only in the surface layer (average TRIX: 5.67). High FC content well above the regulation limit (up to 2.6 × 105 FC·100 ml−1) represents, therefore, the major negative impact of the improperly treated waste for the risk to human health.

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Modeling of the Spread of an Effluent and the Overturning Length Scale near an Underwater Source in the Northern Adriatic

Cited by 3 publications

References 36 publications

Bacterial Indicators Are Ubiquitous Members of Pelagic Microbiome in Anthropogenically Impacted Coastal Ecosystem

Bacterial Indicators Are Ubiquitous Members of Pelagic Microbiome in Anthropogenically Impacted Coastal Ecosystem

Numerical study of the role of wind forcing and freshwater buoyancy input on the circulation in a shallow embayment (Gulf of Trieste, Northern Adriatic Sea)

A case study of sewage discharge in the shallow coastal area of the Northern Adriatic Sea (Gulf of Trieste)

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