Modeling of the Effect of Ultrasonic Frequency and Amplitude on Acoustic Streaming

Lee, Young Ki; Youn, Jeong Il; Kim, Young Jig

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-05864-7_199

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Lee et al . (2019) investigated the effect of ultrasonic amplitude and frequency on the acoustic streaming [17] . They measured and evaluated the flow velocity of acoustic streaming in water by Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurement and numerical simulation and showed that the velocity of acoustic streaming is inversely proportional to the liquid density.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of acoustic streaming in water and aluminum melt during ultrasonic irradiation

Yamamoto

Kubo

Komarov

2021

Ultrasonics Sonochemistry

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of acoustic streaming in water and aluminum melt during ultrasonic irradiation

Yamamoto

Kubo

Komarov

2021

Ultrasonics Sonochemistry

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“…One of the major issues with grain refinement of Mg alloys with Zr addition is the vast difference in the density (~74%) between Mg and Zr particles at alloying temperatures (750 • C) [5,6]. As a result, most of the added Zr particles from the master alloy settle to the bottom of the crucible and approximately 2.33 wt.% of the Mg-Zr master alloy is needed to produce a final alloy composition of 0.7 wt.% Zr [4,6,66]. This severe loss in Zr increases the cost of the alloying process and reduces the grain refinement efficiency in the as-cast condition.…”

Section: With the Addition Of Refining Master Alloysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the major reasons for the increase in the total number density of particles is due to the refinement of primary intermetallic particles by UST and thus increases the population of active substrates for grain refinement [6,47]. It has been reported that the narrow size distribution of refiner particles after UST of Zr added to Mg [6] and Al-Ti-B [67], Al-Zr, Al-Zr-Ti [63] added to Al alloys results in better grain refinement. The refinement of blocky and needle shape primary intermetallic phases such as Al 3 Ti [63,68], Al 3 (Zr, Ti) [63,69], primary Si [70][71][72] and β/δ-Al-Fe-Si [24,25] phases is an added advantage of UST that further improves the mechanical properties of the cast alloys.…”

Section: Refinement Of Primary Intermetallic Phasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This approach predicts a fast velocity jet below the sonotrode, and comparison with a corresponding experiment reveals that the fast streaming flattens the temperature gradient and promotes an equiaxed grain structure. Another approach involved the use of the Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings (FW-H) equation generally used to compute the propagation of aerodynamic noise to model the acoustic pressure in Fluent [66,67]. Another commercial CFD software package, Flow3D, has been used to model acoustic streaming during the treatment of an A356 alloy melt without detailing the modelling procedure [68].…”

Section: Effect Of Acoustic Streamingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrasonic Cavitation Treatment of Metallic Alloys

Eskin¹,

Tzanakis²

2020

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The current trend in solidification research is to develop a generic, energy-efficient, economical, sustainable, and pollution-free technology that can be applied to different alloy systems. Ultrasonic-cavitation melt treatment (UST) is a rather universal technology that can be applied to conventional and advanced metallic materials, regardless of their composition, while being environmentally friendly, cost effective, and ready to be implemented in conventional casting technologies such as direct-chill, continuous, or shape casting, as well as in emerging technologies of additive manufacturing and nanocomposite materials. The beneficial effects of UST-such as in assisted nucleation, activation of substrates (wetting), deagglomeration and fragmentation of solid phases, degassing of the melt, and grain refinement of the as-cast product-stem from the growth, collapse, and implosion of cavitation bubbles as aresult of alternate fluctuations in ultrasonic pressure. Although successfully demonstrated on the laboratory and pilot scale, UST has not yet found widespread industrial implementation. This is mostly due to the lack of in-depth understanding of the fundamental mechanisms behind the improved metal quality and structure refinement. Thus, fundamental research is needed to answer the following practical questions: What is the optimum melt flow rate that maximizes treatment efficiency whilst minimizing input power, cost, and plant complexity? What is the optimum operating frequency and acoustic power that accelerates the treatment effects? What is the optimum location of an ultrasonic power source in the melt transfer system in relation to the melt pool geometry? Answering these questions will pave the way for widespread industrial use of ultrasonic melt processing with the benefit of improving the properties of lightweight structural alloys, simultaneously alleviating the present use of polluting (Cl, F) for degassing or expensive (Zr, Ti, B, Ar) grain refinement additives.

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“…This approach predicts a fast velocity jet below the sonotrode, and comparison with a corresponding experiment reveals that the fast streaming flattens the temperature gradient and promotes an equiaxed grain structure. Another approach involved the use of the Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings (FW—H) equation generally used to compute the propagation of aerodynamic noise to model the acoustic pressure in Fluent [66,67]. Another commercial CFD software package, Flow3D, has been used to model acoustic streaming during the treatment of an A356 alloy melt without detailing the modelling procedure [68].…”

Section: Effect Of Acoustic Streamingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Modelling of the Ultrasonic Treatment of Aluminium Melts: An Overview of Recent Advances

et al. 2019

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The prediction of the acoustic pressure field and associated streaming is of paramount importance to ultrasonic melt processing. Hence, the last decade has witnessed the emergence of various numerical models for predicting acoustic pressures and velocity fields in liquid metals subject to ultrasonic excitation at large amplitudes. This paper summarizes recent research, arguably the state of the art, and suggests best practice guidelines in acoustic cavitation modelling as applied to aluminium melts. We also present the remaining challenges that are to be addressed to pave the way for a reliable and complete working numerical package that can assist in scaling up this promising technology.

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Modeling of the Effect of Ultrasonic Frequency and Amplitude on Acoustic Streaming

Cited by 4 publications

References 8 publications

Characterization of acoustic streaming in water and aluminum melt during ultrasonic irradiation

Characterization of acoustic streaming in water and aluminum melt during ultrasonic irradiation

Ultrasonic Cavitation Treatment of Metallic Alloys

Numerical Modelling of the Ultrasonic Treatment of Aluminium Melts: An Overview of Recent Advances

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