Modeling of the Bosphorus exchange flow dynamics

Water Exchange through Canal İstanbul and Bosphorus Strait

“…In this case, steady-state is achieved after about ten days when residual oscillations of kinetic energy and mid-strait volume-flux are decreased to less than 1% of the mean values. These general characteristics are the same as those experienced earlier by Sözer (2013) and , only repeated here for reference.…”

“…The first case (referred to as "ONLYBOS") represents the existing configuration, based on the original study on the Bosphorus exchange flow dynamics (Sözer, 2013;. In the second configuration (referred to as "DUALBOS"), a further channel representing "Canal İstanbul" at its simplest possible form, a straight channel, is added in "parallel" to the original strait.…”

“…Briefly, the steady-state solution for a stratified simulation is achieved in a three-stage numerical experiment starting from a lock-exchange initial condition continued by successive restarts. The "spin" phase with enhanced vertical mixing is started from lock-exchange initial condition followed by the "steady" phase with GLS vertical mixing imposed on the uniform reservoir solution at day 5.5 and finally the "nudge" phase with forced tracer fields at the two open boundaries in accordance with Sözer and Özsoy (2017).…”

“…For the past thirty years, a limited number of modelling studies of the Bosphorus flow have been carried out, with either simplified physics or geometry (Johns & Oğuz, 1989;Oğuz et al, 1990;Oğuz, 2005;Ilıcak et al, 2009;Maderich & Konstantinov, 2002;Maderich et al, 2015) or utilizing fully three-dimensional solutions (Öztürk et al, 2012;Sözer, 2013;Sözer & Özsoy, 2016), with recent fine resolution modeling extended to examine the coupled behavior of the entire TSS including the straits (Sannino et al, 2015(Sannino et al, , 2016Gürses, 2017;Gürses et al, 2016).…”

Circulation of the Turkish Straits System between 2008–2013 under complete atmospheric forcings

“…The complex topography of the straits and property distributions have resulted in hydraulic controls being anticipated in both straits (Özsoy 15 et al, 1998; Özsoy et al, 2001), which can only partially be demonstrated by measurements at the northern sill of the Bosphorus (Gregg and Özsoy, 2002;Dorrell et al, 2016). Hydraulic controls have since been found by modelling at the southern contraction-sill complex and the northern sill, confirming a unique maximal exchange regime adjusted to the particular topography and stratification (Sözer and Özsoy, 2017a;Sannino et al, 2017). These findings support the notion that the Bosphorus is the more restrictive of the two straits in controlling the outflow from the Black Sea to the Mediterranean.…”