Modeling of tensile strength in polymer particulate nanocomposites based on material and interphase properties

Zare, Yasser; Rhee, Kyong Yop; Park, Soo‐Jin

doi:10.1002/app.44869

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Figure 3 illustrates the geometrical structure of the developed Maxwell‐Eucken model by which the entire system was assumed as a cube of unit side length containing a sphere that represents both dispersed phase and polymer/polymer interface region. Accordingly, the tensile strength of the system ( σ t ) was calculated using Equation ): [ 44 ]

A_{t} σ_{t} = A_{c} σ_{c} + A_{I} σ_{I}

where, A t is the total surface area of the structure ( A t = 1), σ C and σ I denote the tensile strength of the continuous phase and interface region, respectively. A c and A I were calculated as follows:

\begin{matrix} lefttrue \\ A_{I} = π {((), R_{d} + T)}^{2} \\ □ \{\begin{matrix} left \\ R_{d} = \frac{3 {\overset{φ}{true}}_{d}}{4 π N_{j} {((), 2 R_{n})}^{2}} \\ N_{j} = \frac{V_{j}}{\frac{4}{3} π {R_{n}}^{3}} \end{matrix} \end{matrix}

A_{c} = A_{t} - A_{I} = 1 - A_{I}

where, R d is the radius of the internal sphere (the dispersed phase) neglecting the thickness of the interface ( T ),

{\overset{false¯}{φ}}_{d}

represents the volume fractions of the dispersed phase, N j is the number of the Janus nanoparticles with radius R n , and V j denotes their total volume.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As it is illustrated in Figure 4, the spherical particles form two different polymer/particle interphases due to the dual nature of the interface region. Accordingly, the characteristics of each polymer/particle interphase were defined using the method reported by Zarre et al [ 44 ]

σ_{c} = σ_{m} + 1.21 ([], σ_{i} {(1 + \frac{t}{R_{n}})}^{2} - σ_{m} {(1 + \frac{t}{T_{n}})}^{2}) {\overset{φ}{true}}_{d}^{\frac{2}{3}}

where, σ c , σ i , and σ m denote the tensile strength of the polymer nanocomposite, polymer/particle interphase region, and polymer matrix, respectively, and t is the thickness of the polymer/particle interphase. The tensile test results of the prepared PS/UAP1 and PMMA/UHP1 sample (Section 2.4) were used in Equation ) to interpret parameters t and σ i / σ m for each sample (Table 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it should be considered that the interphase thickness cannot exceed the gyration radius of the surrounding polymer phase. [ 44 ]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[43] 3.1 | Development of the model Figure 3 illustrates the geometrical structure of the developed Maxwell-Eucken model by which the entire system was assumed as a cube of unit side length containing a sphere that represents both dispersed phase and polymer/polymer interface region. Accordingly, the tensile strength of the system (σ t ) was calculated using Equation (1): [44] A t σ t = A c σ c + A I σ I ð1Þ…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of the arrangement of Janus nanoparticles on the tensile strength of blend‐based polymer nanocomposites

Sharifzadeh

Amiri

2020

Polymer Composites

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In this study, the effects of the arrangement of Janus nanoparticles on the tensile strength of the blend‐based polymer nanocomposites were investigated using both experimental and analytical methods. The experimental stage included the evaluation of the effects of the nanoparticle content on the aggregation/agglomeration phenomenon using TEM images. However, the analytical approach was used to study the mechanical properties of the system and also predict its tensile strength considering the effects of the arrangement of Janus nanoparticles, as compatibilizers, at the polymer/polymer interface. It was found that even in those systems containing very low content of Janus nanoparticles (eg, 0.25 wt%), the aggregation/agglomeration phenomenon was inevitable and drastically affected the mechanical properties of the interface region. According to the result, the best compatibilizing performance of Janus nanoparticles was achieved in the case of their monolayer arrangement at the interface. The specific nanoparticles used in this study were first synthesized using a desymmetrization process and then added to the PS/PMMA blend via solution mixing. All of the prepared samples were subjected to the TEM and tensile test, and then, results were then precisely evaluated.

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A_{t} σ_{t} = A_{c} σ_{c} + A_{I} σ_{I}

\begin{matrix} lefttrue \\ A_{I} = π {((), R_{d} + T)}^{2} \\ □ \{\begin{matrix} left \\ R_{d} = \frac{3 {\overset{φ}{true}}_{d}}{4 π N_{j} {((), 2 R_{n})}^{2}} \\ N_{j} = \frac{V_{j}}{\frac{4}{3} π {R_{n}}^{3}} \end{matrix} \end{matrix}

A_{c} = A_{t} - A_{I} = 1 - A_{I}

where, R d is the radius of the internal sphere (the dispersed phase) neglecting the thickness of the interface ( T ),

{\overset{false¯}{φ}}_{d}

represents the volume fractions of the dispersed phase, N j is the number of the Janus nanoparticles with radius R n , and V j denotes their total volume.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

σ_{c} = σ_{m} + 1.21 ([], σ_{i} {(1 + \frac{t}{R_{n}})}^{2} - σ_{m} {(1 + \frac{t}{T_{n}})}^{2}) {\overset{φ}{true}}_{d}^{\frac{2}{3}}

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it should be considered that the interphase thickness cannot exceed the gyration radius of the surrounding polymer phase. [ 44 ]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of the arrangement of Janus nanoparticles on the tensile strength of blend‐based polymer nanocomposites

Sharifzadeh

Amiri

2020

Polymer Composites

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“…Mooney modified the theoretical equation of Einstein equation by introducing a new parameter “ S ,” which denotes the crowding factor or the strain field around the two phases, the matrix and filler, and the modified equation is given as follows ,

M_{c} = M_{m} \times \exp ([], \frac{2.5 V_{normalf}}{1 - S V_{normalf}})

…”

Section: Electrical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of neodymium‐doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the structural, mechanical, and electrical properties of poly(butyl methacrylate) nanocomposites

Suhailath

Ramesan

2018

Vinyl Additive Technology

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Nanocomposites based on neodymium-doped titanium dioxide (Nd-TiO 2 )/poly(n-butyl methacrylate) (PBMA) have been prepared by an in situ polymerization of butyl methacrylate monomer with varying concentrations of Nd-TiO 2 nanoparticles. The resulting nanocomposites have been analyzed by ultraviolet (UV)-Visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis, and impedance analyzer (TGA). The results of UV and FTIR spectroscopy have indicated the interaction of nanoparticles with the PBMA matrix. Spherically shaped nanoparticles with an average size of 10-25 nm have been revealed in the TEM and their homogeneous dispersion, and interaction of polymer matrix has been confirmed by SEM and XRD studies. The thermal stability and glass transition temperature of the composites were significantly enhanced by the addition of nanoparticles. The AC conductivity and dielectric properties of nanocomposites have been found to be higher than pure PBMA, and the maximum electrical properties have been observed for 7 wt% composite. The reinforcing nature of the nanoparticles in PBMA has been reflected in the improvement in tensile strength measurements. The result indicated that the tensile strength of nanocomposites have greatly enhanced by the addition of Nd-TiO 2 nanoparticles whereas the elongation at break decreases with the loading of nanofillers. To understand the mechanism of reinforcement, tensile strength values have been correlated with various theoretical modeling. The research has been found to be promising in the development of novel materials with enhanced tensile strength, dielectric constant, and thermal properties, which may find potential applications in energy storage and nanoelectronic devices. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 25:9-18, 2019.

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Polyimide/Silica Nanocomposites with Enhanced Tensile Strength: Size Effects and Covalently Bonded Interface

Wang

Yang

Lin

et al. 2022

Macro Theory & Simulations

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In this work, the tensile strength of polyimide/silica composites with the covalently bonded interface (bonded PI/SiO 2 ) is investigated by molecular dynamic simulation. It is found that the nanofiller with smaller size can bring out a larger number of hydrogen bonds and interfacial non-bond energy in the composites, resulting in higher tensile strength. As the immobilization of the PI chains in the vicinity of SiO 2 , the covalently bonded interface is found to offer a greater reinforcing effect than the unbonded interface that is confirmed by the self-diffusion coefficient. The tensile strength of 9 wt.% bonded PI/SiO 2 composites is 11.34% higher than that of the unbounded composites. The tensile strength of PI/SiO 2 composites is enhanced with the increase of SiO 2 concentration up to critical mass percent (X c ), beyond which it will be decreased. To quantitatively predict X c of PI/SiO 2 composites, an empirical equation based on the non-bond energy of the composites is proposed. The empirical equation showed that the X c of PI/SiO 2 composites ranged from 8.03 to 10.36 wt.%, which is consistent with experimental values. These results provided the understanding of size-dependent covalently bonded interface structure, which would be beneficial to the design of nanocomposites with excellent mechanical performances.

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Modeling of tensile strength in polymer particulate nanocomposites based on material and interphase properties

Cited by 13 publications

References 39 publications

The effects of the arrangement of Janus nanoparticles on the tensile strength of blend‐based polymer nanocomposites

The effects of the arrangement of Janus nanoparticles on the tensile strength of blend‐based polymer nanocomposites

Effect of neodymium‐doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the structural, mechanical, and electrical properties of poly(butyl methacrylate) nanocomposites

Polyimide/Silica Nanocomposites with Enhanced Tensile Strength: Size Effects and Covalently Bonded Interface

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