Modeling of Temperature Field during Multi-Pass GMAW Surfacing or Rebuilding of Steel Elements Taking into Account the Heat of the Deposit Metal

Winczek, Jerzy

doi:10.3390/app7010006

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(66 reference statements)

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“…Hardness of these domains decrease by increasing heat input. On the root side, no excessive hardness peaks occur, due to tempering effect of the second pass [31]. However, in S690QL, some hardening can be noted at the coarse-grained zone also at the root side.…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

MAG Welding Tests of Modern High Strength Steels with Minimum Yield Strength of 700 MPa

et al. 2019

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The modern high strength steel plates have an excellent combination of strength and toughness based on micro-alloying and complex microstructure. Retaining this combination of properties in the weld zone is a major challenge for applications in high-demanding structural construction. This work investigates the weldability of three different modern high strength steel plates, with a thickness of 8 mm. Two of the test materials were produced by a thermo-mechanically controlled process (TMCP) and one by a quenching and tempering method (Q&T). Two-passes MAG (metal active gas) welding was used with four different heat inputs. The tests implemented on all the materials included tensile, hardness profiles (HV5), Charpy-V impact toughness tests, and microstructure analysis using scanning electron microscope (SEM). For one of the TMCP steels, some extended tests were conducted to define how the tensile properties change along the weld line. These tests included tensile tests with digital image correlation (DIC), and 3-point bending tests. The most notable differences in mechanical properties of the welds between the materials were observed in Charpy-V impact toughness tests, mostly at the vicinity of the fusion line, with the Q&T steel more prone to embrittlement of the heat affected zone (HAZ) than the TMCP steels. Microstructural analysis revealed carbide concentration combined with coarse bainitic structures in HAZ of Q&T steel, explaining the more severe embrittlement. During the tensile tests, the DIC measurements have shown a strain localization in the softest region of the HAZ. Increasing the heat input resulted in earlier localization of the strain and less maximum strength. The tensile properties along the weld line were investigated in all welding conditions, and the results emphasize relevant and systematic differences of the yield strength at the transient zones near the start and end of the weld compared with the intermediate stationary domain.

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confidence: 95%

MAG Welding Tests of Modern High Strength Steels with Minimum Yield Strength of 700 MPa

et al. 2019

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“…The temperatures at the T4 position were not more than 200 • C during the overall welding process, implying that the distribution of welding temperature field is independent of the dimensions of welding plate. A similar temperature field of the HAZ was reported on AISI 321 austenitic stainless steel by GTAW [16], on nickel sheet welded by laser beam [17], and temperature field during multi-bead GMAW Surfacing [18]. Therefore, the heat input at the T1 position, nearest to the fusion line of the welding joint with the highest peak temperature among the T1-T4 positions was chosen as a heat input to simulate the HAZ of the repeated welding.…”

Section: Heat Input Of Haz In the Multi-bead Weldingmentioning

confidence: 96%

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Heat-Affected Zone of Repeated Welding AISI 304N Austenitic Stainless Steel by Gleeble Simulator

Guo

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2018

Metals

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Heat-affected zone (HAZ) of welding joints critical to the equipment safety service are commonly repeatedly welded in industries. Thus, the effects of repeated welding up to six times on the microstructure and mechanical properties of HAZ for AISI 304N austenitic stainless steel specimens were investigated by a Gleeble simulator. The temperature field of HAZ was measured by in situ thermocouples. The as-welded and one to five times repeated welding were assigned as-welded (AW) and repeated welding 1–5 times (RW1–RW5), respectively. The austenitic matrices with the δ-ferrite were observed in all specimens by the metallography. The δ-ferrite content was also determined using magnetic and metallography methods. The δ-ferrite had a lathy structure with a content of 0.69–3.13 vol.%. The austenitic grains were equiaxial with an average size of 41.4–47.3 μm. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and yield strength (YS) mainly depended on the δ-ferrite content; otherwise, the impact energy mainly depended on both the austenitic grain size and the δ-ferrite content. The UTS of the RW1–RW3 specimens was above 550 MPa following the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) standard. The impact energy of all specimens was higher than that in ASME standard at about 56 J. The repeated welding up to three times could still meet the requirements for strength and toughness of welding specifications.

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“…Figure 3b shows the SEM image of the coating from the surface view at its boundary with the substrate. In all types of coatings, the coverage boundary zone is a sensitive area with a high risk of delamination, which was investigated by [33][34][35][36][37]. It is due to the relatively high level of internal stresses resulting, for example, from the technological conditions of coating application and extremely different physical properties of ceramics and metals, such as the thermal expansion coefficient and thermal conductivity coefficient [38][39][40][41].…”

Section: Stereometric Structure Of the Surface Layer Of The Coatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure Investigation of Titanium Metallization Coating Deposited onto AlN Ceramics Substrate by Means of Friction Surfacing Process

et al. 2019

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The article presents selected properties of a titanium metallization coating deposited on aluminum nitride (AlN) ceramics surface by means of the friction surfacing method. Its mechanism is based on the formation of a joint between the surface of an AlN ceramics substrate and a thin Ti coating, involving a kinetic energy of friction, which is directly converted into heat and delivered in a precisely defined quantity to the resulting joint. The largest effects on the final properties of the obtained coating include the high affinity of titanium for oxygen and nitrogen and a relatively high temperature for the deposition process. The titanium metallization coating was characterized in terms of surface stereometric structure, thickness, surface morphology, metallographic microstructural properties, and phase structure. The titanium coating has a thickness ranging from 3 to 7 μm. The phase structure of the coating surface (XPS investigated) is dominated by TiNxOy with the presence of TiOx, TiN, metallic Ti, and AlN. The phase structure deeper below the surface (XRD investigated) is dominated by metallic Ti with additional AlN particles originating from the ceramic substrate due to friction by titanium tools.

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Modeling of Temperature Field during Multi-Pass GMAW Surfacing or Rebuilding of Steel Elements Taking into Account the Heat of the Deposit Metal

Cited by 17 publications

References 51 publications

MAG Welding Tests of Modern High Strength Steels with Minimum Yield Strength of 700 MPa

MAG Welding Tests of Modern High Strength Steels with Minimum Yield Strength of 700 MPa

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Heat-Affected Zone of Repeated Welding AISI 304N Austenitic Stainless Steel by Gleeble Simulator

Structure Investigation of Titanium Metallization Coating Deposited onto AlN Ceramics Substrate by Means of Friction Surfacing Process

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