Modeling of sudden hydrogen expansion from cryogenic pressure vessel failure

Petitpas, Guillaume; Aceves, Salvador M.

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.03.166

Cited by 33 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Cryogenic pressurized hydrogen (H 2 ) storage is being considered for safe [1], long-range automobiles [2,3] with essentially zero venting losses under regular use scenarios [4]. Cryogenic pressure vessels comprise a high-pressure inner vessel made of a metallic liner reinforced with carbon fiber (type 3, similar to those used for storage of compressed gas), a vacuum space filled with numerous sheets of highly reflective metalized plastic (for high performance thermal insulation), and a metallic outer jacket for long-term vacuum stability ( Figure 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Cu, Ti and Ta interlayer explosively fabricated aluminum to stainless steel transition joints for cryogenic pressurized hydrogen storage

Aceves

Espinosa-Loza

Elmer

et al. 2015

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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Fabrication of a bimetallic joint to facilitate a material transition from a 6061-T651 aluminum pressure vessel liner to stainless steel tubing in cryogenic pressure vessels is explored using three different dissimilar metal interlayers with an explosive welding (EXW) process. Due to difficulties in directly EXW joining aluminum (Al) 6061 to 304 stainless steel, interlayers are used to prevent interaction of the aluminum and stainless steel, thus minimizing brittle intermetallic phase formation. Titanium (Ti) copper (Cu) and tantalum (Ta) were selected as the dissimilar metal interlayer materials; each having advantages and disadvantages. Titanium is a commonly used interlayer for this joint, but can microcrack during EXW if the bonding parameters are not correct. Copper has the advantage that it is compatible with hydrogen, but is also known to form brittle intermetallics with aluminum. Tantalum is ductile and bonds well to both Al and stainless steel, and is a high temperature metal that does well to prevent interdiffusion and intermetallic phase formation. However Ta is the most expensive metal of the three. Results of the characterization of the three interlayer bonds showed that Ti produced the highest strength joints, Ta produced the most ductile joints, and Cu produced a joint that failed with low ductility at the Al/Cu interface. Based on these results, the Cu-interlayer joint is not recommended for this application, while the Ti and Ta interlayer bonds both appear to have sufficient strength and ductility for the intended use.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Cu, Ti and Ta interlayer explosively fabricated aluminum to stainless steel transition joints for cryogenic pressurized hydrogen storage

Aceves

Espinosa-Loza

Elmer

et al. 2015

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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“…• Physical-based storage (compressed gas, liquid, and cryo-compressed). Cryogenic vessels have an additional protection layer (vacuum jacket) in case of accidents, 203,205 making cryocompressed storage highly safe. 205 Also hydrogen has low adiabatic expansion energy at cryogenic temperatures.…”

Section: Geothermal Play Systems • Convection Dominated Play Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…205 Also hydrogen has low adiabatic expansion energy at cryogenic temperatures. 203 Therefore, in case of leakage or tanker rupture a severe explosion would not happen unless something cause ignition of the gas. Low temperature of the leaked hydrogen gas can lead to damage and malfunctioning of the adjacent valves or pressure relief devices which are not strictly rated.…”

Section: Geothermal Play Systems • Convection Dominated Play Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renewable Energy for Robots and Robots for Renewable Energy – A Review

Hassan¹,

Habrouk²,

Deghedie³

2019

Robotica

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SUMMARY Fossil fuel sources are well suited to fulfill the energy needs of human beings. Unfortunately, there are some limitations and disadvantages pertaining to fossil fuels, some of which are drastic. The main issues are: firstly, there is a finite supply of these fuels, eventually this supply will be exhausted; secondly, burning fossil fuels contributes to global warming, leading to disastrous consequences for the environment and the health of humans. Switching to renewable energy sources is the viable solution to the aforementioned issues. Robots bring numerous benefits in a wide variety of applications. Introducing robots to production environments and other applications results in a remarkable improvement in terms of productivity and efficiency. In this paper, the integration between robots and renewable energy sources is discussed. In other words, two main points are investigated: (1) how can renewable energy be a viable source of energy for robots and (2) how can the renewable energy industry benefit from utilizing robots in the execution of renewable energy-related tasks. Some of the recent developments concerning the integration between robots and renewable energy are reviewed. In addition, more opportunities and expected advancements are also discussed.

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“…In such a case, hydrogen is released to the atmosphere within a short time (seconds to minutes [4]), so that its expansion is assumed to be isentropic. Only calculations of total sudden released energy to atmospheric pressure are presented here (thermal equilibrium would take much longer to take place).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More detailed calculations on how expansion happens as a function of time for a cryogenic high pressure storage system can be found in Ref. [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The isentropic expansion energy of compressed and cryogenic hydrogen

Petitpas

Aceves

2014

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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CryogenicsOnboard storage a b s t r a c t Pressure is often perceived as the single most important parameter when considering the safety of a storage system, for example when calculating the pneumatic energy that could be released in the event of a sudden accidental failure (or burst energy). In this paper, we investigate the role of temperature as another degree of freedom for minimizing the burst energy. Results are first presented for ideal gases, for which the relationship between burst energy as a function of initial and final volumes, temperature and pressures can be expressed analytically. Similar analysis is then derived for the specific case of H 2 using real gas equations of state. Assuming the expansion is isentropic, which holds for an adiabatic and sudden release as in a burst, it is shown that the energy released during a sudden burst is a weak function of pressure, revealing that the effect of increasing pressure is negligible beyond a certain value (~100 bar); whereas the burst energy is a linear function of temperature. This suggests that temperature controls the burst energy in a much greater way.This analysis is carried out in the frame of onboard H 2 storage systems, for which it is shown that the use of cryogenic temperature for hydrogen vehicles, where risks of collision and impact on the surroundings are high, appears as a safety feature since burst energy is up to 18 times less than room temperature, high pressure storage.

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Modeling of sudden hydrogen expansion from cryogenic pressure vessel failure

Cited by 33 publications

References 13 publications

Comparison of Cu, Ti and Ta interlayer explosively fabricated aluminum to stainless steel transition joints for cryogenic pressurized hydrogen storage

Comparison of Cu, Ti and Ta interlayer explosively fabricated aluminum to stainless steel transition joints for cryogenic pressurized hydrogen storage

Renewable Energy for Robots and Robots for Renewable Energy – A Review

The isentropic expansion energy of compressed and cryogenic hydrogen

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