Modeling of Smoke Control in Underground Parking-garage Fires

Abstract

Smoke is the real threat in a fire in an enclosed, underground parking garage, and is a significant issue and very critical for firefighters dealing with fire. Special attention should be paid to fire safety, especially for those with multiple floors underground. A model of the smoke movement in a basement was established using Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) 6.0 software. In this paper, the study undertaken used a basement model of 60 m (length) × 30 m (width) × 3 m (height) and has three typical floors. Smoke ventilation shafts were provided for the basement. A well-controlled liquid pool fire with a heat release rate (HRR) of 2 MW was used as an input parameter. The ventilation strategy was achieved through a mechanical exhaust fans and makeup air fans. The required ventilation was based on the air changing ten times per hour. The following parameters were varied: the location of the fire, the presence or absence of sprinklers, the presence or absence of a smoke-extraction system, the presence or absence of openings for incoming air, and the presence or absence of a jet fan and ducting. The impact of jet fans (induction type) was also addressed in several simulations. Smoke modeling was investigated under different fire scenarios. Simulations were conducted for smoke and heat control using forced, mechanical, horizontal ventilation. When the combination of a jet fan and ducting was applied, the fastest time for smoke removal was achieved compared to the other scenarios.

The Building Informatics Approach to Modelling Construction Quality Assurance Parameters to Prevent Structural Collapse of Building

“…A summary of the intervention model is given below; the parameters presented are the action points that could be implemented to help prevent building collapse. These are as follows: prevent excessive dead loading of buildings, which can cause failure [F10 (0.9967]; the use of a quality manager on site can help to prevent the use of inferior materials [F2 (0.9965)]; an appropriate approach to design in construction could assist in mitigating building failure [F8 (0.9993) F1 (0.9969)]; an Inadequate approach to site and environmental conditions could result in building collapse [F9 (0.9988); +F1 (0.9969)]; an appropriate approach to the planning of site activities could help to avert building failure [F5 (0.9978); F4 (0.9970); F13 (0.9973)]; and finally, an appropriate approach to building maintenance could help to mitigate building collapse [F10 (0.9983); F5 (0.9967), F4 (0.9969)] (Akinpelu, 2002;Lekan et al, 2017;Alianto et al, 2017;Mohammadi & Mukhtar, 2018;Ogunsemi, 2002;Baby & Jebadurai, 2018).…”

21. Performance of Ventilation and Smoke Exhaust Systems in Case of Fire in Underground Parking Lots: Case Study

“…Both ventilation systems simultaneously provide fresh air inside the car park to increase the safety of evacuees and emergency crews during evacuation. [4], [8], [9], [18], [19] From a technical point of view, it is possible that the two ventilation systems, normal ventilation, and emergency ventilation, can be combined into a single physical system, taking into account that such a system must meet the requirements of both types of individual ventilation. This system will have two stages of airflow control, the first stage serving the normal ventilation system, and the second stage will be used in the event of a fire.…”