Modeling of Shared Space with Multi-modal Traffic using a Multi-layer Social Force Approach

Pascucci, Federica; Rinke, Nils; Schiermeyer, Chris; Friedrich, Bernhard; Berkhahn, Volker

doi:10.1016/j.trpro.2015.09.081

“…Some patterns were identified, for example pedestrians choose the shortest and smoothest path without stopping, whereas vehicles accelerate or decelerate without changing their trajectory. (Pascucci 2015) These results are consistent with what was found in the Rudloff et al study as well. This knowledge was then taken to form a new layered structure for the simulation model.…”

Section: Frosch 35supporting

confidence: 92%

“…First, an opposing user must be perceived, then the conflict detected and distance to that point calculated, followed by a classification of the conflict avoidance, and finally the reaction. (Pascucci 2015) This model in particular uses the social force model for the SRCA, but for the LRCA simply tells pedestrians to choose a new FFT in a pedestrian-pedestrian conflict, and if a vehicle is involved in a potential conflict their reaction will be to change speeds.…”

Section: Frosch 35mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Shared Space to Reduce Traffic Congestion: A case study on West Virginia University's Downtown Campus

Frosch¹

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Pedestrian and vehicle interactions often lead to conflicts that bring about safety, traffic congestion, and priority or right of way issues. Common methods used in the past to combat said issues have largely relied on the principle of separating the motions of pedestrians and vehicles by means of bridges, tunnels, signals, and access restrictions. A different approach known as share space aims to solve the same problems with a less structured and defined environment which instead places more reliance on human interaction and perception. Although it has been used in multiple scenarios across Europe with success, instances of shared spaces in the United States are few. In the past, the success of shared space has mainly focused on safety, aesthetic, and pedestrian use metrics, with little quantitative knowledge regarding the traffic congestion relief benefits. This research focuses on evaluating and quantifying the traffic congestion relief abilities of shared space designs utilizing Vissim traffic microsimulation software, and the economic impact these changes can make. A major pedestrian crossing location on West Virginia University's Downtown campus along a major urban arterial was chosen as the case location upon which the model was to be built. This location posed unique aspects which made it a prime choice for this research as the major concern for years has been traffic congestion, in addition to pedestrian safety and aesthetic appeal. The results of the research indicated that shared space can reduce the congestion within a specific location, but more importantly will reduce the impact that that congestion zone has on the greater network. In the case of the selected location, the resulting benefits overcame the cost of implementing the proposed design within 10 years. Frosch iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Without the help, love, and support of many people, this thesis and accompanying master's degree would not have been possible. I would like to take the time to thank the following people in particular: To Gina, my best friend and true love, for her unwavering support and love throughout my time at WVU, her persistence to motivate me, and for continuing to make me smile. To my parents, Ken and Julie, for the many hours teaching me as a child, forming me in to the man I am today, and for always being there to support me in all of my endeavors. To my siblings, Landon, Erin, Amy, Sierra, and Christina, for helping me always find the joy in life and learning how to work in a team and be a leader from day one.

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“…Some researchers have developed microsimulation models, based on social force theory, to model shared space [17][18][19]. Although the methodology used to create said models could be replicated and perhaps expanded to measure traffic parameters, it has been deemed to be too complex to be generalized.…”

Section: Microsimulation Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Shared Space to Reduce Traffic Congestion

Frosch¹,

Martinelli

²

,

Unnikrishnan

³

2019

Journal of Advanced Transportation

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Pedestrian and vehicle interactions often lead to conflicts that bring about safety, traffic congestion, and priority or right of way issues. Common methods used in the past to combat said issues have largely relied on the principle of separating the motions of pedestrians and vehicles by means of bridges, tunnels, signals, and access restrictions. A different approach known as shared space aims to solve the same problems with a less structured and defined environment which instead places more reliance on human interaction and perception. Although it has been used in multiple scenarios across Europe with success, instances of shared spaces in the United States are few. In the past, the success of shared space has mainly focused on safety, aesthetic, and pedestrian use metrics, with little quantitative knowledge regarding the traffic congestion relief benefits. This research focuses on evaluating and quantifying the traffic congestion relief abilities of shared space designs utilizing Vissim traffic microsimulation software and the economic impact these changes can make. A major pedestrian crossing location on West Virginia University’s Downtown campus along a major urban arterial was chosen as the case location upon which the model was to be built. This location posed unique aspects, which made it a prime choice for this research as the major concern for years has been traffic congestion, in addition to pedestrian safety and aesthetic appeal. The results of the analysis show that shared space can reduce vehicle travel time by up to 50% and delays by 66%.

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“…The application of social force model is gradually expanded from the pedestrian only to mixed traffic environment. However, the existing studies are mostly based on the social force model for pedestrians, and describe the behavior of motorized vehicle by parameter calibration (Huang et al., ; Pascucci et al., ; Anvari et al., ). On one hand, the motorized vehicles, which have poor flexibility, are subject to vehicle dynamic.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, turning traffic flow shares the priority when interacting with other flows (Troutbeck and Kako, ). At last, decision of drivers is affected by other conflicting traffic flows (Sun and Kondyli, ; Pascucci et al., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two‐Dimensional Simulation of Turning Behavior in Potential Conflict Area of Mixed‐Flow Intersections

Ma

¹

,

Xie

²

,

Xiao

³

et al. 2017

Computer aided Civil Eng

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The potential conflict area of intersection is the space where conflicting traffic flows pass through in the same signal phase. At this area, turning vehicles interact with most traffic flows, which introduce complex features including variation of trajectories and sharedpriority phenomenon. The traditional one-dimensional simulation oversimplifies these features with lane-based assumption. This study integrates the modified social force model with behavior decision and movement constraints to reproduce the two-dimensional turning process. The method is framed into a three-layered mathematical model. First, the decision layer dynamically makes decision for turning patterns. Then the operation layer uses the modified social force model to initially generate vehicle movements. Finally, the constraint layer modifies the vehicular motion with vehicle dynamics constraints, boundary of intersection and the collision avoidance rule. The proposed model is validated using trajectories of left-turn vehicles at a real-world mixed-flow intersection with nonprotected signal phases, resulting in a more realistic simulation than previous methods. The distributions of decision points and travel time in simulation are compared with the empirical data in statistics. Moreover, the spatial distribution of simulated trajectories is also satisfactory. C 2017 Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering.

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Modeling of Shared Space with Multi-modal Traffic using a Multi-layer Social Force Approach

Cited by 50 publications

References 12 publications

Evaluation of Shared Space to Reduce Traffic Congestion: A case study on West Virginia University's Downtown Campus

Evaluation of Shared Space to Reduce Traffic Congestion: A case study on West Virginia University's Downtown Campus

Evaluation of Shared Space to Reduce Traffic Congestion

Two‐Dimensional Simulation of Turning Behavior in Potential Conflict Area of Mixed‐Flow Intersections

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