Modeling of PEM Fuel Cell Catalyst Layers: Status and Outlook

Sui, Pang‐Chieh; Zhu, Xun

doi:10.1007/s41918-019-00043-5

Cited by 70 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 285 publications

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“…Computational modeling has played a key role in advancing the performance and durability of PEMFCs. In recent years, there has been a significant focus on PEMFC catalyst layers due to their determining impact on cost and durability [ 314 , 315 ]. The catalyst layer poses many challenges from a modeling standpoint: it consists of a complex, multi-phase, nanostructured porous material that is difficult to characterize; it also hosts an array of coupled transport phenomena, including flow of gases, liquid water, and heat and charges, occurring in conjunction with electrochemical reactions.…”

Section: Performance Of Single Monocells—pemfcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs): Advances and Challenges

Tellez-Cruz¹,

et al. 2021

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The study of the electrochemical catalyst conversion of renewable electricity and carbon oxides into chemical fuels attracts a great deal of attention by different researchers. The main role of this process is in mitigating the worldwide energy crisis through a closed technological carbon cycle, where chemical fuels, such as hydrogen, are stored and reconverted to electricity via electrochemical reaction processes in fuel cells. The scientific community focuses its efforts on the development of high-performance polymeric membranes together with nanomaterials with high catalytic activity and stability in order to reduce the platinum group metal applied as a cathode to build stacks of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) to work at low and moderate temperatures. The design of new conductive membranes and nanoparticles (NPs) whose morphology directly affects their catalytic properties is of utmost importance. Nanoparticle morphologies, like cubes, octahedrons, icosahedrons, bipyramids, plates, and polyhedrons, among others, are widely studied for catalysis applications. The recent progress around the high catalytic activity has focused on the stabilizing agents and their potential impact on nanomaterial synthesis to induce changes in the morphology of NPs.

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Section: Performance Of Single Monocells—pemfcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs): Advances and Challenges

Tellez-Cruz¹,

et al. 2021

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“…Producing Pd nanosheets as thin as possible could improve their ECSA, but the surface energy increases with decreasing the thickness of nanosheets, leading to serious aggregation. [11] The design and synthesis of perforated ultrathin Pd nanosheets are believed as one effective strategy to not only greatly increase atomic edges and steps for the remarkable improvement of ECSA but also significantly reduce the amount of Pd usage. Generally, the electrooxidation of formic acid is considered as a diffusion-controlled process in kinetics region.…”

Section: Doi: 101002/smll201904245mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, to satisfy the commercial application, their ECSA needs further improvement for higher catalytic activity toward FAO. Producing Pd nanosheets as thin as possible could improve their ECSA, but the surface energy increases with decreasing the thickness of nanosheets, leading to serious aggregation . The design and synthesis of perforated ultrathin Pd nanosheets are believed as one effective strategy to not only greatly increase atomic edges and steps for the remarkable improvement of ECSA but also significantly reduce the amount of Pd usage.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Perforated Pd Nanosheets with Crystalline/Amorphous Heterostructures as a Highly Active Robust Catalyst toward Formic Acid Oxidation

Zhang

Ouyang

Wang

et al. 2019

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“…Electrophoretic drag from cathode to anode due to concentration difference was neglected in this model because it is very small compared to other factors. Equation (18) shows the liquid water dynamics in cathode. The liquid water change rate is the algebraic sum of reaction product, water condensation and flowing-out liquid water.…”

Section: Cathode Channelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Drawing upon such earlier research on the physical characteristics and processes inside the stack, various groups have tried to build models of the stack, combining different components and physical phenomena to calculate the stack state, explain certain special experimental results, and improve the PEMFC system design [15][16][17]. For example, reference [18] reviewed the macroscopic and microscopic models of catalyst layers. This also examined modeling of liquid water transport in the catalyst layer and its implications on the overall transport properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of the Dynamic Characteristics of a PEMFC System in Fluctuating Operating Conditions

et al. 2020

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A greater understanding of the dynamic processes inside the stack is urgently needed to optimize the PEMFC (proton exchange membrane fuel cell). In this study, we examined the gas, water and electrochemical processes inside the stack, studied the physical dynamics of system accessories such as gas supplement, flow and pressure-regulating devices, then used Simulink to build a mathematical model of a complete PEMFC system; a segmented testing platform was built to test the spatial distribution of RH (relative humidity) and pressure, which was used to verify the simulation model; based on this model, the complicated phenomena occurring inside the stack during fluctuating operating states were calculated. Our findings showed that the pressure in the gas channel and exhaust manifolds decreased when the external load increased, changing sharply at the moment of load change. The transient pressure difference between the cathode and anode sides (several kPa) had a huge impact on the MEA (membrane electrode assembly); when the load current increased, RH in cathode and cathode channel increased gradually, and the increasing rate of anode side was bigger than that in cathode side. The influence of variance magnitude and change interval of external load were also studied based on the model.

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Modeling of PEM Fuel Cell Catalyst Layers: Status and Outlook

Cited by 70 publications

References 285 publications

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs): Advances and Challenges

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs): Advances and Challenges

Perforated Pd Nanosheets with Crystalline/Amorphous Heterostructures as a Highly Active Robust Catalyst toward Formic Acid Oxidation

Simulation of the Dynamic Characteristics of a PEMFC System in Fluctuating Operating Conditions

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