Modeling of par interception and productivity by Opuntia ficus-indica

Cortázar, Víctor García de; Acevedo, Edmundo; Nobel, Park S.

doi:10.1016/0168-1923(85)90015-2

Cited by 31 publications

(37 citation statements)

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“…Furthermore, shading by spines, clouds, other plants, or topographical features results in even lower PAR levels. Thus, while other environmental variables also influence CO 2 uptake, PAR can be a major limiting factor for CO 2 uptake during the growing season for cacti (Garcia de Cortazar, Acevedo and Nobel, 1985). Not only can PAR be limiting, but it also varies strongly with direction because of the sun's trajectory.…”

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“…73 terception during the growing season. The design of whole fields has also been studied for the cultivated platyopuntia O. ficus-indica, where a model indicated that east-west orientation of the cladodes leads to higher productivity, except at very high planting densities where PAR interception by north-south facing cladodes becomes advantageous (Garcia de Cortazar and Nobel, 1986). PAR interception was also involved in the correlation between the ht of three cactus species and the ht of the surrounding vegetation (Nobel, 1980(Nobel, , 1981.…”

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“…Here, field measurements and a computer model were used to assess the effect of form in columnar cacti on productivity. The model predicted PAR interception and the resultant CO 2 uptake for plants during the growing season when PAR, rather than water or temperature, can be the most limiting factor for CO 2 uptake (Garcia de Cortazar et al, 1985). Emphasis was primarily on branching patterns, and so branch spacing, number, diam, and length were studied along with ribbing and spine shading.…”

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Branching Patterns of Columnar Cacti: Influences on PAR Interception and CO 2 Uptake

Geller

Nobel

1986

American Journal of Botany

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Field measurements and a computer model were used to determine how stem shape and arrangement of stems in space affect interception of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and CO 2 uptake under otherwise optimal conditions for four species ofcolumnar cacti (Carnegiea gigantea. Lophocereus schottii, Pachycereus pringlei, and Stenocereus thurberi). In simulations where the number ofwidely spaced stems was increased from I to 19 but plant volume remained constant, surface area and PAR interception increased, leading to 3-fold increases in wholeplant CO 2 uptake. Increasing the distance between stems from 0 em to infinity decreased selfshading and increased predicted CO 2 uptake 4-fold. Stem length, diam, ribbing characteristics, and spine coverage also influenced PAR interception. The model indicated that the observed higher frequency of branches on the south side of the trunk of C. gigantea had only a slight, though positive, effect on CO 2 uptake for single-branched plants. Because of its greater surface area (A), a five-stemmed plant of C. gigantea typical for a field site near Tucson, Arizona was predicted to have 52% more CO 2 uptake than a single-stemmed plant ofthe same volume (Y). Although large NY decreases water storage per unit transpiring area, whole-plant CO 2 uptake can be increased when NY is increased by branching for these constant-volume plants. However, the stems must be arranged to avoid excessive self-shading and thus keep the area below PAR compensation small.

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Branching Patterns of Columnar Cacti: Influences on PAR Interception and CO 2 Uptake

Geller

Nobel

1986

American Journal of Botany

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“…These studies used average monthly minimum and maximum air temperatures, average monthly radiation, and algorithms based on average monthly rainfall to calculate monthly values for EPI. However, net CO2 uptake over 24-h periods is not linearly related to temperature or to radiation, and rainfall has different daily patterns during months of different years, thus errors arise when average monthly values are used instead of daily values (Garcia de Cortazar, Acevedo & Nobel, 1985;Nobel & Hartsock, 1986b). To generate daily temperatures, daily radiation, and daily rainfall events from average monthly data, appropriate climatological models were used in the present study (Richardson & Wright, 1984;Geng, Penning de Vries & Supit, 1986).…”

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Environmental productivity indices and productivity for Opuntia ficus‐indica under current and elevated atmospheric CO₂ levels*

Nobel¹

1991

Plant Cell & Environment

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Abstract. The productivity of the prickly‐pear cactus Opuntia ficus‐indica, which is cultivated worldwide for its fruits and stem segments, was predicted based on the responses of its net CO2 uptake to soil water status, air temperature and photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD). Each of these environmental factors was represented by an index with a maximum value of unity when that factor was not limiting net CO2 uptake over a 24‐h period. The water index, the temperature index, and the PPFD index were determined for 87 sites in the contiguous United States using data from 189 weather stations and for 148 sites worldwide using data from 1464 weather stations. The product of these three indices, the environmental productivity index (EPI), was used to predict the productivity of O. ficus‐indica under current climatic conditions and under those accompanying a possible increase in the atmospheric CO2 level to 650μumol mol−1. Sites with temperatures always above ‐10°C and hence suitable for prickly‐pear cultivation numbered 37 in the United States and 110 worldwide; such sites increased by 43 and 5%, respectively, for the global warming accompanying the elevated CO2. Productivity of O. ficus‐indica was at least 15 tonnes dry weight hectare−1 year−1, comparable to that of many agronomic crops, for 20 sites with temperatures always above ‐10°C in the contiguous United States and for 12 such sites worldwide under current climatic conditions; such sites increased by 85 and 117%, respectively, under the elevated CO2 condition, mainly because of direct effects of the atmospheric CO2 level on net CO2 uptake. In summary, simulations based on EPI indicate that O. ficus‐indica may presently be advantageously cultivated over a substantial fraction of the earth's surface, such regions increasing markedly with a future doubling in atmospheric CO2 levels.

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“…The effect of photosynthetic surface orientation on light interception and its consequences on carbon gain have been widely studied in platyopuntias (Becerra-Rodríguez et al, 1976;Nobel, 1980aNobel, , 1981García de Cortazar et al, 1985;García de Cortazar and Nobel, 1986;Geller and Nobel, 1987). In platyopuntias, the photosynthetic surface is represented by 1 Manuscript received 13 May 2004; revision accepted 5 January 2005.…”

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Does cladode inclination restrict microhabitat distribution for Opuntia puberula (Cactaceae)?

Sortibrán

Tinoco‐Ojanguren

Terrazas

et al. 2005

American J of Botany

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In contrast with other Opuntia species, most of the cladodes of Opuntia puberula have a horizontal position. This study explores whether the horizontal cladodes are an adaptive trait to increase light interception in the understory or are a neutral trait, and if this characteristic may prevent its distribution in full sun habitats. Cladode inclination angle and its effect on light interception, cladode temperature, and carbon gain are characterized, and anatomical and physiological traits of upper and lower cladode surfaces are described. Inclination angle was under 50° for 95% of the cladodes, and the frequency of low inclination angles increases as light availability decreases. Nocturnal acid accumulation increased with total daily PPFD intercepted, but no significant differences were detected between typical horizontal cladodes and the few vertical cladodes. Chlorophyll content differed in the upper and lower surfaces of horizontal cladodes; however, chlorenchyma thickness, stomatal conductance, and nocturnal acid accumulation were similar between surfaces. The horizontal position of O. puberula cladodes, which is anatomically determined, restricts it to shaded habitats, where the plants do not overheat, but seems to have no effect on carbon gain.

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Modeling of par interception and productivity by Opuntia ficus-indica

Cited by 31 publications

References 10 publications

Branching Patterns of Columnar Cacti: Influences on PAR Interception and CO 2 Uptake

Branching Patterns of Columnar Cacti: Influences on PAR Interception and CO 2 Uptake

Environmental productivity indices and productivity for Opuntia ficus‐indica under current and elevated atmospheric CO₂ levels*

Does cladode inclination restrict microhabitat distribution for Opuntia puberula (Cactaceae)?

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Modeling of par interception and productivity by Opuntia ficus-indica

Cited by 31 publications

References 10 publications

Branching Patterns of Columnar Cacti: Influences on PAR Interception and CO 2 Uptake

Branching Patterns of Columnar Cacti: Influences on PAR Interception and CO 2 Uptake

Environmental productivity indices and productivity for Opuntia ficus‐indica under current and elevated atmospheric CO2 levels*

Does cladode inclination restrict microhabitat distribution for Opuntia puberula (Cactaceae)?

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Environmental productivity indices and productivity for Opuntia ficus‐indica under current and elevated atmospheric CO₂ levels*