Modeling of Occupant-Generated CO2 Dynamics in Naturally Ventilated Classrooms

Bartlett, Karen H.; Martinez, Mark; Bert, Joel L.

doi:10.1080/713774378

Cited by 16 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…Ventilation rate was estimated following a methodology similar to the methodology presented in Bartlett et al (2004), which involves the solution of the massbalance equation for the CO 2 concentrations, considering indoor homogeneity and negligible deposition. The method was employed in a recent study regarding indoor air quality in a dentistry clinic ) with satisfactory results.…”

Section: Experimental Site Instrumentation and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal evolution of the main processes that control indoor pollution in an office microenvironment: a case study

Halios

Helmis

2009

Environ Monit Assess

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The aim of this study is to examine the relative contribution of the outdoor concentration, the ventilation rate, the geometric characteristics of the indoor environment (i.e., extent of indoor surfaces and indoor volume), the deposition, and chemical reactions to the indoor air quality of the office microenvironment. For this case study, the NO, NO2, and O3 concentrations indoors and outdoors and TVOCs and CO2 concentrations indoors were measured in an office microenvironment in Athens, Greece, that was ventilated both naturally and mechanically. The calculated ventilation and loss rates and the measured outdoor concentrations of NO, NO2, and O3 were set as input to Multi-chamber Indoor Air Quality Model in order to study the temporal variation of the indoor NO, NO2, and O3 concentrations. Results showed that when the ventilation rate and outdoor concentration are high, the relative contribution of the transport process contributes significantly, while the chemical process depends on the contemporary interplay between the indoor O3, NO, and NO2 concentrations and lighting levels. The significance of each process was further examined by performing sensitivity tests, and it was found that the most important parameters were the deposition velocities, the UV infiltration rates (which determines the indoor chemical reaction rates), the ventilation rates, and the filtration (when a mechanical ventilation system is used). The effect of the hydrocarbon chemistry was not significant.

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Section: Experimental Site Instrumentation and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal evolution of the main processes that control indoor pollution in an office microenvironment: a case study

Halios

Helmis

2009

Environ Monit Assess

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“…The maximum recorded CO 2 level row contains all the values at the end of the day, while the maximum estimated CO 2 level represents an estimate of the theoretical maximum that could be achieved inside the classroom. The main assumptions for this calculation includes: no fresh air supply during the calculation, children are kept for four hours straight inside the closed classroom and their CO 2 emission is considered to be 404 mg/min/person [26]. Backed by these numbers, the following row "diff estimated vs. recorded" shows by how much the real-time recorded maximum values differ from the estimated ones.…”

Section: Ventilation Rate Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy efficiency versus indoor environmental quality in different Romanian countryside schools

Ghita

Cătălina

2015

Energy and Buildings

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“…Prior to detection of the CO 2 level, the air exchange rate of the clinic was assessed based on SF6 tracer gas decay as described in Bartlett et al [18] The assessment of the tracer gas decay was conducted from noon to 14:00 during the lunch break when the doors and windows of the room were closed. Sufficient SF6 was introduced by bolus injection through a fan to achieve a concentration of 1 ppm SF6 in the clinic, while the entrance door and windows were closed.…”

Section: Environmental Comfort Factors and Ventilation Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Samples were collected from the locations where high VOC levels to detect specific compounds of VOCs by using the multi-gas monitor. [18] The US EPA Method TO-15 was used to detect specific VOC compounds. [18] A 4-mm Carbotrap 300 absorption tube (Supelco, United Kingdom) connected to a small pump was used to collect the air.…”

Section: Vocs Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of volatile organic compounds and particulate matter in a dental clinic and health risks to clinic personnel

Hong

Huang²,

Lee

et al. 2015

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A

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This study was conducted to assess (1) levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and particulate matter (PM) in a dental clinic in southern Taiwan and (2) dental care personnel's health risks associated with due to chronic exposure to VOCs. An automatic, continuous sampling system and a multi-gas monitor were employed to quantify the air pollutants, along with environmental comfort factors, including temperature, CO2, and relative humidity at six sampling sites in the clinic over eight days. Specific VOC compounds were identified and their concentrations were quantified. Both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic VOC compounds were assessed based on the US Environmental Protection Agency's Principles of Health Risk Assessment in terms of whether those indoor air pollutants increased health risks for the full-time dental care professionals at the clinic. Increased levels of VOCs were recorded during business hours and exceeded limits recommended by the Taiwan Environmental Protection Agency. A total of 68 VOC compounds were identified in the study area. Methylene methacrylate (2.8 ppm) and acetone (0.176 ppm) were the only two non-carcinogenic compounds that posed increased risks for human health, yielding hazard indexes of 16.4 and 4.1, respectively. None of the carcinogenic compounds increased cancer risk. All detected PM10 levels ranged from 20 to 150 μg/m(3), which met the Taiwan EPA and international limits. The average PM10 level during business hours was significantly higher than that during non-business hours (P = 0.04). Improved ventilation capacity in the air conditioning system was recommended to reduce VOCs and PM levels.

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Modeling of Occupant-Generated CO2 Dynamics in Naturally Ventilated Classrooms

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

Temporal evolution of the main processes that control indoor pollution in an office microenvironment: a case study

Temporal evolution of the main processes that control indoor pollution in an office microenvironment: a case study

Energy efficiency versus indoor environmental quality in different Romanian countryside schools

Assessment of volatile organic compounds and particulate matter in a dental clinic and health risks to clinic personnel

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