“…To date, there have been numerous studies investigating arti cial recharge systems to manage aquifer recharge in different regions, such as the northwestern Himalayas in India (Jasrotia et al, 2019), the Gorbayegan Basin in Iran (Rahimi et al,, 2014), arid and semi-arid regions in Iran (Hashemi et al,, 2015), downstream of the Trim River in northwestern China (Liu et al,, 2021), a region in northern Italy (Masetti et al, 2016), a region in southern India (Aju et al, 2021) All of these researches focused on arti cial recharge systems to improve aquifer conditions. Until now, meta-heuristic algorithms and simulation models have been used in various studies to optimize the use of water resources.…”