Modeling of mixing and interaction of multi-cathode spot vacuum arc jets

Wang, Lijun; Qin, Kang; Deng, Jie; Jia, Shenli

doi:10.1063/1.4972060

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Numerical models of vacuum arcs with an account of individual cathodic spots and the mixing and interaction of the jets produced by the spots have started to appear recently [32]- [35]. The boundary conditions at the cathode surface mimicked, in 2-D, the uniform distribution of the cathode spots over the cathode surface [32], [35] and described six individual spots positioned in a ring [33], [34]. One could think of using the model of this work in order to improve such boundary conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Simple Model of Distribution of Current Over Cathodes of Vacuum Circuit Breakers

Cunha

Wenzel

Almeida

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci.

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There are several hundreds of spots operating simultaneously on cathodes of vacuum arcs in high-power vacuum circuit breakers. In this work, the spot distribution along the contact surface is simulated by means of an approach that is based on the concept of surface density of spots and represents a natural alternative to tracing individual spots. An equation governing the evolution of the surface density of the spots or, equivalently, the distribution of macroscopic (averaged over individual spots) current density over the cathode is obtained by generalizing the concept of random walk of a single cathode spot in low-current vacuum arcs. The model relies on empirical parameters characterizing individual spots (the diffusion coefficient of the random motion of cathode spots and the velocity of drift superimposed over the random motion), which may be taken from experiments with low-current arcs, and does not involve adjustable parameters. The model is simple and physically transparent and correctly reproduces the trends observed in the experiments under conditions where the cathode arc attachment is diffuse. The distribution of the macroscopic current density on the cathode, given by the model, represents the boundary condition that is required for existing numerical models of vacuum arcs in high-power vacuum circuit breakers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Simple Model of Distribution of Current Over Cathodes of Vacuum Circuit Breakers

Cunha

Wenzel

Almeida

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci.

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“…According to the different physical conditions of the cathode spots, the jet angle is generally considered to be 5°-30° [16,17]. Therefore, in this work the jet emission angle is set as 15°(as shown in the figure 1, it is the angle between the line from the center of the cathode to the boundary of the anode and the cathode).…”

Section: Physical and Mathematical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical simulation of low-current vacuum arc jet considering anode evaporation in different axial magnetic fields

Zhang¹,

Wang²,

Yang³

et al. 2022

Plasma Sci. Technol.

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As the main source of the vacuum arc plasma, cathode spots (CSs) play an important role on the behaviors of the vacuum arc. Their characteristics are affected by many factors, especially by the magnetic field. In this paper, the characteristics of the plasma jet from a single CS in vacuum arc under external axial magnetic field (AMF) are studied. A multi-species magneto-hydro-dynamic (MHD) model is established to describe the vacuum arc. The anode temperature is calculated by the anode activity model based on the energy flux obtained from the MHD model. The simulation results indicate that the external AMF has a significant effect on the characteristic of the plasma jet. When the external AMF is high enough, a bright spot appears on the anode surface. This is because with a higher AMF, the contraction of the diffused arc becomes more obvious, leading to a higher energy flux to the anode and thus a higher anode temperature. Then more secondary plasma can be generated near the anode, and the brightness of the ‘anode spot’ increases. During this process, the arc appearance gradually changes from a cone to a dumbbell shape. The appearance of the plasma jet calculated in the model is consistent with the experimental results.

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“…In addition, Wang et al . analytically studied the mixing and interaction of jets of a vacuum arc cathode at multiple cathode spots . In this analysis, six cathode spots at the electrode were assumed and the angle of the cathode jet was changed by 5°, 15°, and 30°, and the ion temperature, ion density, and ion flow rate were quantitatively clarified.…”

Section: Repulsion and Retrograde Motion Phenomena Analysis For Vacuumentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Thermal Plasma Simulation Technique

Tanaka

Fujino

Iwao

2019

IEEJ Transactions Elec Engng

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The thermal plasma is widely used for power applications such as circuit breakers, welding, cutting, material processing, waste treatment, and recycling. Transient and three-dimensional simulations have recently been conducted, assisting in the understanding of physical phenomena through new developments in computers and calculation methods. In this review, a thermal plasma simulation technique is described. Specifically, the modeling of a new type of inductively coupled thermal plasma, a radiation transfer analysis of thermal plasma in a gas circuit breaker, and plasma movement of arc welding, DC circuit breakers, electric trains, vacuum circuit breakers, and surface treatment affected by an electromagnetic force are described.

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Modeling of mixing and interaction of multi-cathode spot vacuum arc jets

Cited by 10 publications

References 13 publications

A Simple Model of Distribution of Current Over Cathodes of Vacuum Circuit Breakers

A Simple Model of Distribution of Current Over Cathodes of Vacuum Circuit Breakers

Numerical simulation of low-current vacuum arc jet considering anode evaporation in different axial magnetic fields

Review of Thermal Plasma Simulation Technique

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