Modeling of lead-bismuth gallate glass ultra-flatted normal dispersion photonic crystal fiber infiltrated with tetrachloroethylene for high coherence mid-infrared supercontinuum generation

Abstract

We report a numerical study on mid-infrared (IR) supercontinuum (SC) generation in the regime of all normal dispersion using lead bismuth gallate glass photonic crystal fiber. This fiber allows the changing of dispersion from anomalous dispersion to ultra-flat normal dispersion in the wavelength range of over 930 nm by filling its cladding holes with C2Cl4. Using a 12.5 kW laser pulse at 2.8 µm as a pump source, we demonstrate that a broad and highly coherent SC generation spectrum is generated in the wavelength range of 1.2 μ m –3.4 μ m with the effects of vacuum noise. However, pulse-to-pulse relative intensity noise significantly decreases the coherence. These interesting optical properties make the proposed C2Cl4—infiltrated fiber highly promising for various applications in the mid-IR regime, particularly, spectroscopy, optical coherence tomography, and metrology.

Comparison of supercontinuum spectral widths in CCl4-core PCF with square and circular lattices in the claddings

“…Initially, the appearance of OWB causes the spectrum to broaden earlier on the blue-side, generating new wavelengths of about 0.85 µm at the 1.5 cm propagation length and 0.8 µm at the 1.0 cm propagation length for the fiber #SF 1 and #CF 1 , respectively. However, the steep dispersion profile at shorter wavelengths inhibits further spectral expansion, even if higher input pulse energies could be used to increase the intensity at the trailing edge [23,25,38]. #SF 1 has a flatter dispersion i.e.…”

“…Figures 12(a) and (c) show the gradually increased timedelay curve, demonstrating that the speed of the first ejected soliton is continuously decreasing. As a result, the newly generated frequencies move more slowly in the anomalous dispersion region [38,41], the spectrum broadens towards the red edge with wavelengths of 2.433 and 2.4844 µm for #SF 2 and #CF 2 , respectively. In addition, on the blue side, blue-shifted DWs high dispersion slope interacts with the first ejected soliton generating new frequencies through the FWM effect.…”

A novel high birefringence photonic crystal fiber with high nonlinear

“…The reason for this phenomenon is that light waves of PCF are limited to the core transmission at short-wavelength, with the increases of wavelength, the PCF's ability to converge optical signals is weakened. At λ=1.55μm and hole spacing Λ=1.0μm, the x and y polarization effective mode areas are 1.885 2 μm and 1.9 2 μm . Such a small effective mode area lays the foundation for realizing high nonlinearity.…”

“…PCF has many unique optical characteristics compared with traditional fiber, such as: single-mode transmission characteristics with no cut-off wavelength, extremely low loss, adjustable nonlinearity, good dispersion characteristics, high birefringence characteristics, super-continuum generation, etc. [1][2], and has wide application prospects in sensing [3], fiber lasers [4][5], beam splitters [6][7], medical imaging [8]and many other fields. Therefore, since the first photonic crystal fiber came out in 1996, it has received wide attention.…”

Structure optimization of large-solid-core photonic crystal fibers based on Ge\(_{20}\)Sb\(_{5}\)Se\(_{75}\) for optical applications

“…Chalcogenide glasses have the additional virtue of being vitreous in nature, which enables them to be fiber-drawn. This distinctive property makes them among the select few materials capable of transmitting for far and mid-infrared light [21][22][23]. Chalcogenide glasses are multicomponent inorganic materials mainly composed of elements such as S, S, Te, As, Sb, Ge, and Si [24][25][26].…”