Modeling of kinetics of a microfluidic reaction–extraction process for the preparation of KH 2 PO 4

Zhao, Fang; Lü, Yangcheng; Wang, Kai; Luo, Guangsheng

doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2015.09.020

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…It is known that phosphate fertilizer can be achieved through a chemical reaction between purified phosphoric acid and chlorides. 26,27 Generally, a high separation factor of chloride and phosphate ions is desired because it is beneficial to this process. Equations 1 and 2 simply introduce the production of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, which is a highly efficient compound fertilizer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Extraction of Phosphoric Acid with a Trialkyl Amine-Based Solvent Mixture

et al. 2015

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Production of phosphoric acid by using wet process technology in China is challenging due to high impurities (P2O5 present is less than 25 wt %). Extraction of phosphoric acid from such low concentration mixtures needs to be improved. Moreover, the separation of chloride and phosphate ions is also important for the subsequent production of phosphate fertilizers. In this study, an organic solvent composed of trialkyl amine (N235), isoamyl alcohol, and sulfonated kerosene was developed to extract phosphoric acid. Pseudoternary phase equilibria, two phase densities, and the viscosities were determined at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure. Results show that unlike other common organic solvents, the proposed solvent exhibits relatively higher extraction capacity even at low phosphoric acid concentration (P2O5 less than 25 wt %). The separation factor of chloride and phosphate ions reaches up to 39.45 and is several orders of magnitude lager than other common organic solvents including alcohols, cyclohexane, and tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP). In addition, the solubility of organic solvent in the aqueous phase is close to zero, while the water content in the organic phase keeps nearly constant at a low concentration of around 5 wt %. All of these indicated that the developed solvent mixture is efficient for the extraction of phosphoric acid.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Extraction of Phosphoric Acid with a Trialkyl Amine-Based Solvent Mixture

et al. 2015

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“…In particular, due to the quaternary raffinate composed of KCl, H 3 PO 4 , KH 2 PO 4 , and H 2 O, it is necessary to consider the crystallization equilibrium studies and the subsequent purification of KH 2 PO 4 . In this respect, Zhao et al 14 determined the solubility of KH 2 PO 4 in KCl, H 3 PO 4 , and their mixtures and the influence of solubility on the overall results. Recently, Lin et al 15 measured the phase diagrams of the KCl−KH 2 PO 4 −H 2 O system in the presence of 20 and 40 wt % H 3 PO 4 , which provided more comprehensive data for the crystallization separation.…”

Section: H Po (Aq) M(org)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By contrast, there are only a few publications focusing on the second step in ions exchange to produce KH 2 PO 4 , which involves the key problem of selective separation between the ions of Cl – and PO 4 3– . A previous study , focusing on the selective extraction of HCl and H 3 PO 4 using the extractant of trioctylamine dissolved in n -octanol provides limited information about the equilibrium phase. In particular, due to the quaternary raffinate composed of KCl, H 3 PO 4 , KH 2 PO 4 , and H 2 O, it is necessary to consider the crystallization equilibrium studies and the subsequent purification of KH 2 PO 4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equilibrium Characteristics of KH₂PO₄ Production by Liquid, Liquid Extraction with a Trialkyl Amine-Based Solvent Mixture: A Case Study

et al. 2018

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This study evaluates the equilibrium characteristics of H3PO4 and KCl for the production of KH2PO4 by liquid, liquid extraction with organic solvent mixtures (trialkyl amine N235, isoamyl alcohol, and sulfonated kerosene). The extraction equilibrium for aqueous H3PO4 or for the reaction of H3PO4 with KCl was obtained. For the former case, the partition coefficient for extracting a standard H3PO4 solution first decreased rapidly and then slowly increased with the increase in H3PO4 content. In addition, the reaction enthalpy also showed a turning point. For the latter case, aqueous H3PO4 reacted with KCl and the organic phase separated the Cl– ions from PO4 3– to produce KH2PO4. The acid content presented a significant effect on the correlation between the separation performance and the molar ratio of H3PO4 to KCl. This was due to the fact that N235 dominated the partition process at low acid concentrations while the isoamyl alcohol dominated the extraction at high acid concentrations with the transition occurring at the equimolar concentration of H3PO4 in the organic phase and N235. The results also show that, at low acid concentrations, the solvent mixture provided a high extraction capacity, due to which the separation performance depended on the ratio of raw materials more than the selectivity of the solvent.

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“…KH 2 PO 4 is also a fine chemistry product that is widely used in the agricultural, pharmaceutical, and food industries 1 due to its characteristics of a nutrient-rich phosphorus potassium compound as well as a raw material for the syntheses of other potassium salts, penicillin, and sodium glutamate. 2 Pure KH 2 PO 4 can be obtained by several production processes, such as neutralization, direct chemical conversion, crystallization, ion exchange, and solvent extraction. 3 Among these methods, solvent extraction was considered to be very useful and economic for KH 2 PO 4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The organics containing chemical extractant can extract HCl from the mixture solution selectively. 2 In addition, solvent extraction can generally be carried out with low energy consumption and low pollution and obtaining a high product purity. In this paper, the raw material of production is KCl and of the wet process is phosphoric acid, which contains many impurities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid–Liquid Phase Equilibria of the KH₂PO₄–KCl–H₃PO₄–H₂O and KH₂PO₄–KCl–C₂H₅OH–H₂O Systems at T = (298.15 and 313.15) K

Ren

Liu

2018

J. Chem. Eng. Data

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Solid−liquid phase equilibrium and physical properties of KH 2 PO 4 in the mixture solution at 298.15 and 313.15 K were determined by an isothermal solution saturation method and moist residues. According to the experimental data, the solubility curves and physical parameter (μ, ρ) curves of KH 2 PO 4 −KCl−H 3 PO 4 −H 2 O systems were plotted. In a mixture solution of KCl and H 3 PO 4 , the solubility of KH 2 PO 4 increased with the increasing concentration of H 3 PO 4 and decreased with the increaing solubility of KCl because of the same ion effect. For the system of KH 2 PO 4 − KCl−C 2 H 5 OH−H 2 O at 298.15K, corresponding phase diagrams and diagrams of physical properties were plotted on the basis of the experimental data, and the initial mass fraction of ethanol was 10%, 30%, and 50% in the salt-free binary solvent water + ethanol. In the phase diagrams, there are one invariant point, two univariant curves, and two crystallization regions corresponding to KCl and KH 2 PO 4 . In addition, the crystallization region of KH 2 PO 4 is larger than that of KCl, and the two crystallization regions become smaller as the mass fraction of water + ethanol mixture solvent increased. The physical properties of the system KH 2 PO 4 −KCl−C 2 H 5 OH−H 2 O changed regularly with the concentration change of the liquid phase. The equilibrium solids were verified by X-ray diffraction. The measured data and physical property diagrams for the investigated systems can provide the fundamental basis for the industrial production of KH 2 PO 4 by the solvent extraction method.

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Modeling of kinetics of a microfluidic reaction–extraction process for the preparation of KH 2 PO 4

Cited by 12 publications

References 23 publications

Efficient Extraction of Phosphoric Acid with a Trialkyl Amine-Based Solvent Mixture

Efficient Extraction of Phosphoric Acid with a Trialkyl Amine-Based Solvent Mixture

Equilibrium Characteristics of KH₂PO₄ Production by Liquid, Liquid Extraction with a Trialkyl Amine-Based Solvent Mixture: A Case Study

Solid–Liquid Phase Equilibria of the KH₂PO₄–KCl–H₃PO₄–H₂O and KH₂PO₄–KCl–C₂H₅OH–H₂O Systems at T = (298.15 and 313.15) K

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Modeling of kinetics of a microfluidic reaction–extraction process for the preparation of KH 2 PO 4

Cited by 12 publications

References 23 publications

Efficient Extraction of Phosphoric Acid with a Trialkyl Amine-Based Solvent Mixture

Efficient Extraction of Phosphoric Acid with a Trialkyl Amine-Based Solvent Mixture

Equilibrium Characteristics of KH2PO4 Production by Liquid, Liquid Extraction with a Trialkyl Amine-Based Solvent Mixture: A Case Study

Solid–Liquid Phase Equilibria of the KH2PO4–KCl–H3PO4–H2O and KH2PO4–KCl–C2H5OH–H2O Systems at T = (298.15 and 313.15) K

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Equilibrium Characteristics of KH₂PO₄ Production by Liquid, Liquid Extraction with a Trialkyl Amine-Based Solvent Mixture: A Case Study

Solid–Liquid Phase Equilibria of the KH₂PO₄–KCl–H₃PO₄–H₂O and KH₂PO₄–KCl–C₂H₅OH–H₂O Systems at T = (298.15 and 313.15) K