Modeling of fan formation in a shear rupture head on the basis of singular solutions of plane elasticity

Тарасов, Б. Г.; Sadovskii, V. M.

doi:10.1063/1.4964990

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Accepting this fact, the models were simplified by presenting the future fault as consisting of “predetermined” slabs. A detailed description of the physical and mathematical models is presented in previous papers (Tarasov, 2010, 2014, 2016, 2017, 2019; Tarasov & Guzev, 2013; Tarasov & Randolph, 2011, 2016, Tarasov & Sadovskii, 2016; Tarasov et al, 2017). This paper uses images of the models to illustrate different features of the fan structure.…”

Section: Fan Structure Is the Main Element Of The Fan Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here, we introduce a numerical model which visualizes the fan‐structure operation as a mechanical system during the rupture propagation (Tarasov & Sadovskii, 2016; Tarasov et al, 2016, 2017). To prove the validity of the numerical model, we compare predictive results with the identical physical model discussed above.…”

Section: Fan Structure Is the Main Element Of The Fan Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the extraordinary features of the fan mechanism and the properties of rocks determined by it contradict the classic theories, the fan‐hinged approach was perceived with great difficulty and distrust. The problem is that in the brief papers published so far, it was impossible to present this extremely complex and extensive topic with clear arguments, reliable evidence, and detailed discussion (Tarasov, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2013, 2014, 2016, 2017, 2019; Tarasov & Guzev, 2013; Tarasov & Ortlepp, 2007; Tarasov & Potvin, 2013; Tarasov & Randolph, 2008, 2011, 2016; Tarasov & Sadovskii, 2016; Tarasov et al, 2016, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New physics of supersonic ruptures

Tarasov

2023

Deep Underground Science and Engineering

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Until recently, it is believed that the rupture speed above the pressure wave is impossible since spontaneously propagating ruptures are driven by the energy released due to the rupture motion, which is transferred through the medium to the rupture tip region at the maximum speed equal to the pressure wave speed. However, the apparent violation of classic theories has been revealed by new experimental results demonstrating supersonic shear ruptures. This paper presents a detailed analysis of the recently discovered shear rupture mechanism (fan hinged), which suggests a new physics of energy supply to the tip of supersonic ruptures. The key element of this mechanism is the fan‐shaped structure of the head of extreme ruptures, which is formed as a result of an intense tensile cracking process with the creation of intercrack slabs that act as hinges between the shearing rupture faces. The fan structure is featured with the following extraordinary properties: extremely low friction approaching zero; amplification of shear stresses above the material strength at low applied shear stresses; creation of a self‐disbalancing stress state causing a spontaneous rupture growth; abnormally high energy release; generation of driving energy directly at the rupture tip which excludes the need to transfer energy through the medium. The fan mechanism operates in intact rocks at stress conditions corresponding to seismogenic depths and in pre‐existing extremely smooth interfaces due to identical tensile cracking processes at these conditions. This is Paper 1 (of two companion papers) which discusses the fan theory and extreme ruptures in experiments on extremely smooth interfaces. Paper 2 entitled “Fan‐hinged shear instead of frictional stick‐slip as the main and most dangerous mechanism of natural, induced and volcanic earthquakes in the earth's crust” considers extreme ruptures in intact rocks. Further study of this subject is a major challenge for deep underground science, earthquake and fracture mechanics, physics, and tribology.

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Section: Fan Structure Is the Main Element Of The Fan Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fan Structure Is the Main Element Of The Fan Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New physics of supersonic ruptures

Tarasov

2023

Deep Underground Science and Engineering

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“…Since extraordinary features of the fan mechanism and the properties of rocks determined by it are contradictory to the modern ideas, the fan‐hinged approach is viewed with great skepticism and distrust. The problem is that in the brief papers published so far, it was impossible to present this extremely complex and extensive topic with clear arguments, reliable evidence, and detailed discussion (Tarasov, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2013, 2014, 2016, 2017, 2019; Tarasov & Guzev, 2013; Tarasov & Ortlepp, 2007; Tarasov & Potvin, 2013; Tarasov & Randolph, 2008, 2011, 2016; Tarasov & Sadovskii, 2016; Tarasov et al, 2016, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fan‐hinged shear instead of frictional stick–slip as the main and most dangerous mechanism of natural, induced, and volcanic earthquakes in the earth's crust

Tarasov

2023

Deep Underground Science and Engineering

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Frictional stick–slip instability along pre‐existing faults has been accepted as the main mechanism of earthquakes for about 60 years, since it is believed that fracture of intact rocks cannot reflect such features inherent in earthquakes as low shear stresses activating instability, low stress drop, repetitive dynamic instability, and connection with pre‐existing faults. This paper demonstrates that all these features can be induced by a recently discovered shear rupture mechanism (fan‐hinged), which creates dynamic ruptures in intact rocks under stress conditions corresponding to seismogenic depths. The key element of this mechanism is the fan‐shaped structure of the head of extreme ruptures, which is formed as a result of an intense tensile cracking process, with the creation of inter‐crack slabs that act as hinges between the shearing rupture faces. The preference of the fan mechanism over the stick–slip mechanism is clear due to the extraordinary properties of the fan structure, which include the ability to generate new faults in intact dry rocks even at shear stresses that are an order of magnitude lower than the frictional strength; to provide shear resistance close to zero and abnormally large energy release; to cause a low stress drop; to use a new physics of energy supply to the rupture tip, providing supersonic rupture velocity; and to provide a previously unknown interrelation between earthquakes and volcanoes. All these properties make the fan mechanism the most dangerous rupture mechanism at the seismogenic depths of the earth's crust, generating the vast majority of earthquakes. The detailed analysis of the fan mechanism is presented in the companion paper “New physics of supersonic ruptures” published in DUSE. Further study of this subject is a major challenge for deep underground science, earthquake and fracture mechanics, volcanoes, physics, and tribology.

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