Modeling of Diurnal Variation Characteristics of VLF Wave Propagation in Earth-Ionosphere Waveguide With FDTD Method

Pu, Yurong; Lv, Ting; Liu, Jiangfan; Xi, Xiaoli

doi:10.1109/lawp.2022.3194693

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Very low frequency (VLF: 3–30 kHz) 1–5 has been widely applied in communication, 6 ionosphere detection, 7 as well as positioning, navigation, and timing systems 8 . Typical VLF ultra‐long‐range navigation systems, such as Omega and Alpha, provide global coverage, 9 whereas their cost of maintenance is very high.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finite Element Method study on VLF propagable modes coupling and interference in the anisotropic earth‐ionosphere waveguide

Liu,

Wang,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Int J Numerical Modelling

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In this paper, the coupled‐mode theory is incorporated into the improved frequency‐domain finite element method (FEM) to simulate very low frequency (VLF) propagable modes coupling and interference in the anisotropic Earth‐ionosphere waveguide. The matrix equation of the electric field is solved using parallel lower‐upper factorization technique to speed up the calculation. The method used to determine the propagation constants for different propagable modes is given. After the FEM is validated by comparing simulated results with the measured data, effects of variable geomagnetic information on the attenuation rate, relative phase velocity, mode coupling, and multiple‐mode interference of VLF electromagnetic wave in the anisotropic waveguide are investigated. This work provides an efficient way for improving the prediction accuracy of the VLF communication, positioning, navigation, and timing systems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finite Element Method study on VLF propagable modes coupling and interference in the anisotropic earth‐ionosphere waveguide

Liu,

Wang,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Int J Numerical Modelling

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“…The numerical finite difference time domain (FDTD) [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] and finite-difference frequency domain (FDFD) 14 are common methods used to compute the VLF wave in the Earth-ionosphere waveguide. In 2017, Marshall et al 14 compared VLF signals simulated by the LWPC, FDTD, and FDFD models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Direct measurements are difficult for large-scale efforts due to their high cost. Based on the exponential ionosphere profile [10][11][12][13][14][15] and International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model, analytical and num erical methods are unable to accurately predict the VLF signal amplitude and phase in the waveguide. [24][25][26] Data for the time-and location-, instead of solar zenith angle-varying IRI electric density model may be insufficient or inaccurate for the lower ionosphere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Very low frequency (VLF: 3-30 kHz) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] electromagnetic waves have been widely applied in the navigation, underwater communication, earthquake, and ionosphere detection, and so forth. The Omega and Alpha are common VLF ultra-long range navigation broadcasts that provide navigational aid for aviation, oceanic air, and marine shipping.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2021, Burns et al 21 computed long‐distance VLF wave propagation in the waveguide by using the 3‐D FDTD. In 2022, Pu et al 15 studied the diurnal variation characteristics of the VLF wave with the 2‐D FDTD. Although numerical time‐domain methods can simulate the complicated waveguide structure, the runtime is long.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Finite element method study on VLF propagation in the fine Earth‐ionosphere waveguide

Liu,

Baraya,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Int J Numerical Modelling

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A fast and highly efficient frequency‐domain finite element method (FEM) is developed to simulate propagation characteristics of very low frequency (VLF) waves in the fine Earth‐ionosphere waveguide structure containing the transition period between day and night. The FEM is accelerated by embedding the GPU‐based parallel LU factorization method. We present an approach for determining the waveguide structure with the VLF transmitter and receiver locations. After validating the method, effects of the time‐ and location‐varying electric density on the amplitude and phase of the VLF wave are investigated. The electric density of the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) is revised by coupling with the solar zenith angle. Numerical results simulated using the revised IRI model show excellent agreement with the measured data for the VLF wave from Novosibirsk to Qingdao. This work provides a promising way to research VLF electromagnetic properties of the Earth‐ionosphere waveguide and improve the prediction accuracy of VLF navigation and communication.

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Inversion of the Electron Density in the Lower Ionosphere Using Artificial Intelligence

Liu,

Wang,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett.

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Modeling of Diurnal Variation Characteristics of VLF Wave Propagation in Earth-Ionosphere Waveguide With FDTD Method

Cited by 4 publications

References 16 publications

Finite Element Method study on VLF propagable modes coupling and interference in the anisotropic earth‐ionosphere waveguide

Finite Element Method study on VLF propagable modes coupling and interference in the anisotropic earth‐ionosphere waveguide

Finite element method study on VLF propagation in the fine Earth‐ionosphere waveguide

Inversion of the Electron Density in the Lower Ionosphere Using Artificial Intelligence

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