Modeling of dissolution, growth, and coarsening of aluminum nitride in low-carbon steels

Cheng, Leon M.; Hawbolt, E. B.; Meadowcroft, T. R.

doi:10.1007/s11661-000-0218-8

Cited by 26 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…[95] The physical properties used in the calculation are ÀDH A1N ðKJ/molÞ ¼ 341:32 À 4:98 Â 10 À2 T À 1:12 Â 10 À6 T 2 À 2813=T, [96] ÀDH NbC ðKJ/molÞ ¼ 157:76 À 4:54 Â 10 À2 T À 3:84 Â 10 À6 T 2 , [97] l cÀFe ðGPaÞ ¼ 81 1 À 0:91 ½ ðT À 300Þ=1810, [98] m cÀFe ¼ 0:29, [99] c cÀFe ðnmÞ ¼ 0:357, [73] l aÀFe ðGPaÞ ¼ 69:2 1 À 1:31ðT À 300Þ=1810 ½ , [98] m aÀFe ¼ 0:29, [99] c aÀFe ðnmÞ ¼ 0:286, [73] l AlN ðGPaÞ ¼ 127, [100] m AlN ¼ 0:23, [100] a AlN ðnmÞ ¼ 0:311, c AlN ðnmÞ ¼ 0:497, [73] l NbC ðGPaÞ ¼ 134 1 À 0:18ðT À 300Þ=3613 ½ , [98] m NbC ¼ 0:194, [98] c NbC ðnmÞ ¼ 0:446. [73] For c-Fe (111) plane, Z cÀFe transformed fraction in phase transformation f P particle (or mass) fraction precipitated (relative to 100pct at zero dissolved) i M number of pseudomolecules for the largest agglomerated particle in simulation m j number of pseudomolecules contained in PSG volume V j m jÀ1;j number of pseudomolecules contained in PSG threshold volume V j-1,j n…”

Section: Appendix: Calculation Of Interfacial Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[39] Together with a classic nucleation model, these models describe the volume fraction and size distribution of precipitates evolving with time. [40] Such combinations of classic models have been applied to simulate the precipitation of AlN in matrix and grain boundary of low-carbon steels, [41] and NbC on dislocation in ferrite. [42] Taking advantage of faster computers, more computational models of precipitation kinetics have been developed recently.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Particle-Size-Grouping Model of Precipitation Kinetics in Microalloyed Steels

Thomas

2011

Metall Mater Trans A

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The formation, growth, and size distribution of precipitates greatly affects the microstructure and properties of microalloyed steels. Computational particle-size-grouping (PSG) kinetic models based on population balances are developed to simulate precipitate particle growth resulting from collision and diffusion mechanisms. First, the generalized PSG method for collision is explained clearly and verified. Then, a new PSG method is proposed to model diffusioncontrolled precipitate nucleation, growth, and coarsening with complete mass conservation and no fitting parameters. Compared with the original population-balance models, this PSG method saves significant computation and preserves enough accuracy to model a realistic range of particle sizes. Finally, the new PSG method is combined with an equilibrium phase fraction model for plain carbon steels and is applied to simulate the precipitated fraction of aluminum nitride and the size distribution of niobium carbide during isothermal aging processes. Good matches are found with experimental measurements, suggesting that the new PSG method offers a promising framework for the future development of realistic models of precipitation.

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Section: Appendix: Calculation Of Interfacial Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle-Size-Grouping Model of Precipitation Kinetics in Microalloyed Steels

Thomas

2011

Metall Mater Trans A

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“…81) Concerning AlN, a model for predicting the dissolution and precipitation in austenite and the ferrite region was developed. 82) There is also another model for predicting the dissolution and precipitation of TiC and NbC in continuous annealing processes with the aim of controlling BH. 83) The mathematical models simulating the grain growth and the secondary recrystallization closely related with precipitates are not introduced here because of space limitations.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 11 shows an example of this kind of suppression where the recrystallization is significantly retarded if precipitation begins to occur. [82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92] In an example of said above acceleration, precipitates provide preferential nucleation sites for recrystallization and transformation. As shown in Sec.…”

Section: Interaction With Recrystallization and Transformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Present Status of and Future Prospects for Precipitation Research in the Steel Industry.

Senuma

2002

ISIJ International

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Precipitation is one of the most important phenomena for controlling the properties of steel. Therefore, numerous studies have been performed in this field. Since 1998, the ISIJ has held a research workshop on precipitation control consisting of around forty members from academia and industry. This workshop held a seminar in autumn 2001 in which some of the workshop members, most of whom were from academia surveyed the present status of precipitation research from an academic viewpoint. In this connection, a review of the present status and future prospects of precipitation research in the steel industry was requested so that an understanding as to how precipitation control was applied in practice could be obtained.This paper is a modified English version of said Japanese review and the recent industrial research on the precipitation control in steel sheets is reviewed and the resultant new products are introduced.KEY WORDS: precipitation; control; recrystallization; transformation; mechanical properties; steel sheet; oxide metallurgy. Fig. 1. Influence of the size of precipitates on the precipitation strengthening based on the Orowan mechanism and the cutting mechanism (schematic).

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“…[1][2][3] As has been demonstrated, precipitate sizes, compositions, densities, and distributions affect the dissolution kinetics. Dissolution cannot be modeled simply as the antithesis of growth due to differences in time evolution of the solute concentration profile across the precipitatematrix interface.…”

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confidence: 98%

Size dependence of nanoparticle dissolution in a matrix: Gold in bismuth

et al. 2009

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We discuss the dissolution of Au nanoparticles in a Bi matrix. The particles were produced by vapor deposition at room temperature, and they burrowed to minimize their free energy. Using in situ transmission electron microscopy, we measured the rate of dissolution as a function of particle size and deduced the activation energy for this process. We also followed the structural changes in the system by high-resolution electron microscopy and nanobeam diffraction. This study develops an important understanding of the dependence of size on the stability and reactivity of nanoparticles.The dissolution of an unstable second phase ͑precipitate͒ in a stable matrix dictated by bulk thermodynamics has been studied extensively. 1-3 As has been demonstrated, precipitate sizes, compositions, densities, and distributions affect the dissolution kinetics. Dissolution cannot be modeled simply as the antithesis of growth due to differences in time evolution of the solute concentration profile across the precipitatematrix interface. 1 Recent theoretical studies have shown deviations from the bulk phase behavior for small particles, and this affects precipitate formation and dissolution. 4,5 Size affects phase transformations by changing the solid solubility of components, 6,7 introducing metastable phases, 8 and/or lowering the transformation temperature. 9 Transformation kinetics are also enhanced due to modified diffusion channels. 10,11 Size enters through the decreased coordination of atoms at the curved interface which leads to an increased solute concentration given by the Gibbs-Thompson equation. 12 Size effects have been observed for supported nanoparticles, where depressions in melting and evaporation temperatures reflect increased vapor pressures around a curved surface. 13 The dependence of reactivity on size can be used to obtain their free energies, 14 and this has applications in variety of areas including catalysis. 15 Recently, we showed that kinetic processes associated with growth and burrowing make it possible to assess the significance of the latter on the size distribution of Au particles formed during the deposition of Au on Bi. 16 During atom deposition at room temperature, Au clusters nucleate and grow but-because of energy considerations-they burrow into the film after reaching sizes at which concepts such as surface and interface energies become meaningful. Because this different pathway leads to metastable nanoparticles in a matrix, we are now able to follow the second step in the thermodynamic pathway, namely, the dissolution of these particles. In this paper, we examine the size and temperature dependencies of that dissolution using in situ transmission electron microscopy ͑TEM͒. From the rate of dissolution, we are able to deduce the energetics of this process. We also examined the phase transformations using nanobeam electron diffraction ͑NBED͒ and followed structural changes in individual particles using high-resolution TEM ͑HRTEM͒.Sample preparation was performed in an ultrahigh vacuum chamber with...

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Modeling of dissolution, growth, and coarsening of aluminum nitride in low-carbon steels

Cited by 26 publications

References 22 publications

Particle-Size-Grouping Model of Precipitation Kinetics in Microalloyed Steels

Particle-Size-Grouping Model of Precipitation Kinetics in Microalloyed Steels

Present Status of and Future Prospects for Precipitation Research in the Steel Industry.

Size dependence of nanoparticle dissolution in a matrix: Gold in bismuth

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