Modeling of desiccated zone development during electromagnetic heating of oil sands

Sadeghi, Asghar; Hassanzadeh, Hassan; Harding, Thomas G.

doi:10.1016/j.petrol.2017.04.033

Cited by 27 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Herein, inductive heating has been proposed as a plausible approach to address this temperature shortfall when integrated with the horizontal well, as it will provide the needed additional heating. The electromagnetic heating of oil formation alongside a carrier solvent has been reported by Hu et al [15], Sadeghi et al [16], and with gas injection combined with horizontal well at 5-20 MHz and 100 W [17]. The inductive heating technique will not only ensure optimum catalytic upgrading, but also increase oil production as reported by Pizarro and Trevisan [18], in which they created a numerical model that simulated enhanced oil recovery by electrical heating to validate oil production and energy consumption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Hydrogenation and Dehydrogenation of Tetralin and Naphthalene to Explore Heavy Oil Upgrading Using NiMo/Al2O3 and CoMo/Al2O3 Catalysts Heated with Steel Balls via Induction

et al. 2020

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This paper reports the hydrogenation and dehydrogenation of tetralin and naphthalene as model reactions that mimic polyaromatic compounds found in heavy oil. The focus is to explore complex heavy oil upgrading using NiMo/Al2O3 and CoMo/Al2O3 catalysts heated inductively with 3 mm steel balls. The application is to augment and create uniform temperature in the vicinity of the CAtalytic upgrading PRocess In-situ (CAPRI) combined with the Toe-to-Heel Air Injection (THAI) process. The effect of temperature in the range of 210–380 °C and flowrate of 1–3 mL/min were studied at catalyst/steel balls 70% (v/v), pressure 18 bar, and gas flowrate 200 mL/min (H2 or N2). The fixed bed kinetics data were described with a first-order rate equation and an assumed plug flow model. It was found that Ni metal showed higher hydrogenation/dehydrogenation functionality than Co. As the reaction temperature increased from 210 to 300 °C, naphthalene hydrogenation increased, while further temperature increases to 380 °C caused a decrease. The apparent activation energy achieved for naphthalene hydrogenation was 16.3 kJ/mol. The rate of naphthalene hydrogenation was faster than tetralin with the rate constant in the ratio of 1:2.5 (tetralin/naphthalene). It was demonstrated that an inductively heated mixed catalytic bed had a smaller temperature gradient between the catalyst and the surrounding fluid than the conventional heated one. This favored endothermic tetralin dehydrogenation rather than exothermic naphthalene hydrogenation. It was also found that tetralin dehydrogenation produced six times more coke and caused more catalyst pore plugging than naphthalene hydrogenation. Hence, hydrogen addition enhanced the desorption of products from the catalyst surface and reduced coke formation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Hydrogenation and Dehydrogenation of Tetralin and Naphthalene to Explore Heavy Oil Upgrading Using NiMo/Al2O3 and CoMo/Al2O3 Catalysts Heated with Steel Balls via Induction

et al. 2020

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“…Also, applied to fluidized bed system by co-fluidization of conductive particles which are chemically inert in order to heat the process [10]. Furthermore, IH has been incorporated with steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) to expand the steam chamber and improve oil recovery [11]. With the aid of composite catalyst pellets consisting of a conductive component and a catalytic material [12,13], or a mixed bed of catalyst and conducting susceptors [10], an inductive system can be applied to generate thermal energy inside the reactor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inductive Heating Assisted-Catalytic Dehydrogenation of Tetralin as a Hydrogen Source for Downhole Catalytic Upgrading of Heavy Oil

et al. 2019

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The Toe-to-Heel Air Injection (THAI) combined with a catalytic add-on (CAPRI, CATalytic upgrading PRocess In-situ) have been a subject of investigation since 2002. The major challenges have been catalyst deactivation due to coke deposition and low temperatures (~ 300 °C) of the mobilised hot oil flowing over the catalyst packing around the horizontal well. Tetralin has been used to suppress coke formation and also improve upgraded oil quality due to its hydrogen-donor capability. Herein, inductive heating (IH) incorporated to the horizontal production well is investigated as one means to resolve the temperature shortfall. The effect of reaction temperature on tetralin dehydrogenation and hydrogen evolution over NiMo/ Al 2 O 3 catalyst at 250-350 °C, catalyst-to-steel ball ratio (70% v/v), 18 bar and 0.75 h −1 was investigated. As temperature increased from 250 to 350 °C, tetralin conversion increased from 40 to 88% while liberated hydrogen increased from 0.36 to 0.88 mol based on 0.61 mol of tetralin used. The evolved hydrogen in situ hydrogenated unreacted tetralin to trans and cis-decalins with the selectivity of cis-decalin slightly more at 250 °C while at 300-350 °C trans-decalin showed superior selectivity. With IH the catalyst bed temperature was closer to the desired temperature (300 °C) with a mean of 299.2 °C while conventional heating is 294.3 °C. This thermal advantage and the nonthermal effect from electromagnetic field under IH improved catalytic activity and reaction rate, though coke formation increased.

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“…The electric current that is converted to heat through this pathway is caused due to the electrical resistivity in the water formation containing dissolved salt ions. This current distribution depends on the characteristics of the electrical medium in the form of electrical conductivity and permittivity along with the frequency used [61], [63]- [65]. The advantages of the EM method are that the transfer of thermal energy to the reservoir is very effective and can be controlled directly, where it is not limited to depth, heterogeneous formations, and low formation permeability even more lithology of the formation.…”

Section: Electromagnetic Heatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical Heating for Heavy Oil: Past, Current, and Future Prospect

Hasibuan¹,

Regina²,

Wahyu³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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This paper presents a review of the electrical heating method for heavy oil recovery based on past, current, and future prospects of electrical heating. Heavy oil is one of the potential crude oil used as a link to reduce the crisis of light oil used today. The obstacle of heavy oil is a high viscosity and density in which thermal injection is a method for heavy oil recovery, but it results in economic and environmental issues. Electrical heating is one of the thermal methods by transferring heat into the reservoir. The basic process of electrical heating is to increase the mobility of the oil. Because the temperature rises, it can reduce oil viscosity and makes it easier for heavy oil to flow. The past and current developments have been carried out to fill up the gap of electrical heating projects. The future prospects must meet energy efficiency, and the excessive heat will damage formation that must be tackled in the future prospect. the works adopt several electrical heating projects and applications in the world where the works give a brief future prospect of electrical heating.

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Modeling of desiccated zone development during electromagnetic heating of oil sands

Cited by 27 publications

References 21 publications

Hydrogenation and Dehydrogenation of Tetralin and Naphthalene to Explore Heavy Oil Upgrading Using NiMo/Al2O3 and CoMo/Al2O3 Catalysts Heated with Steel Balls via Induction

Hydrogenation and Dehydrogenation of Tetralin and Naphthalene to Explore Heavy Oil Upgrading Using NiMo/Al2O3 and CoMo/Al2O3 Catalysts Heated with Steel Balls via Induction

Inductive Heating Assisted-Catalytic Dehydrogenation of Tetralin as a Hydrogen Source for Downhole Catalytic Upgrading of Heavy Oil

Electrical Heating for Heavy Oil: Past, Current, and Future Prospect

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