Modeling of Brain Tissue Heating Caused by Direct Cortical Stimulation for Assessing the Risk of Thermal Damage

Vrba, Jan; Janča, Radek; Blaha, Michal; Ježdík, Petr; Bělohlávková, Anežka; Kršek, Pavel; Vrba, David

doi:10.1109/tnsre.2019.2898253

Cited by 7 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Based on our previous work [15], two new model scenarios were created. The OSE was replaced by an ECoG strip and another tissue layer of dura mater (DM) was added.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3A). The model includes a bottom layer of White Matter (WM) and an upper layer of Gray Matter (GM) [15]. The surface of GM was covered by a thin layer of Physiological Saline Solution (PSS / cerebrospinal fluid).…”

Section: B Numerical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The layer thickness h PSS was defined by the dependency on the instantaneous resistance between ECoG electrodes obtained during in vivo measurement of 13 patients; R = 590-2050 Ω (1473 Ω on average) [14]. The dependence of the resistance R on the layer height h PSS (R) was calculated for h PSS from 25 µm to 1 mm in 25 µm increments in the described numerical model [15], Eq. 1.…”

Section: B Numerical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, we have completed the complex safety control study, with neither intraoperative infrared thermography measurement nor detailed histopathological assessment of the stimulated tissue having found proof of any destructive thermal effect [14]. Additionally, we have developed a numerical model with high temporal and spatial resolution to identify thermal effect distribution in subsurface tissue volume [15]. [14] In the previous safety control study [14], both an Ojemann's stimulation electrode (OSE) as well as an electrocorticography (ECoG) strip were used in open craniotomy scenarios, see Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The current work builds on the previous works (casecontrol studies), which included intraoperative thermographic measurement with histological examination [14] and numerical simulations [15], both for open craniotomy scenario. Here, we have expanded these studies by including the calculation of the maximum temperature in brain tissue during subdural application of ESM using an ECoG strip.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel Paradigm of Subdural Cortical Stimulation Does Not Cause Thermal Damage in Brain Tissue: A Simulation-Based Study

Vrba

Janča

Blaha

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng.

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The thermal effect of a novel effective electrical stimulation mapping (ESM) technique using an Ojemann's stimulation electrode in open craniotomy areas causes a nondestructive local increase in temperature. Another type of stimulating electrode is a subdural strip, routinely used in intraoperative electrocorticography (ECoG), which applies ESM in a covered subdural area over the motor cortex. ECoG electrode geometry produces a different electrical field, causing a different Joule heat distribution in tissue, one that is impossible to measure in subdural space. Therefore, the previous safety control study of the novel ESM technique needed to be extended to include an assessment of the thermal effect of ECoG strip electrodes. We adapted a previously well-validated numerical model and performed coupled complex electro-thermal transient simulations for short-time (28.4 ms) high-frequency (500 Hz) and hyperintense (peak 100 mA) ESM paradigm. The risk of heat-induced cellular damage was assessed by applying the Arrhenius equation integral on the computed time-dependent spatial distribution of temperature in the brain tissue during ESM stimulation and during the cooldown period. The results showed increases in temperature in the proximity around ECoG electrode discs in a safe range without destructive effects. As opposed to open craniotomy, subdural space is not cooled by the air; hence a higher -but still safe -induced temperature was observed. The presented simulation agrees with the previously published histopathological examination of the stimulated brain tissue, and confirms the safety of the novel ESM technique when applied using ECoG strip electrodes.

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“…Based on our previous work [15], two new model scenarios were created. The OSE was replaced by an ECoG strip and another tissue layer of dura mater (DM) was added.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Numerical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Numerical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Novel Paradigm of Subdural Cortical Stimulation Does Not Cause Thermal Damage in Brain Tissue: A Simulation-Based Study

Vrba

Janča

Blaha

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng.

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Tissue Temperature Increases by a 10 kHz Spinal Cord Stimulation System: Phantom and Bioheat Model

Zannou

Khadka

FallahRad

et al. 2021

Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface

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Objective: A recently introduced Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS) system operates at 10 kHz, faster than conventional SCS systems, resulting in significantly more power delivered to tissues. Using a SCS heat phantom and bioheat multi-physics model, we characterized tissue temperature increases by this 10 kHz system. We also evaluated its Implanted Pulse Generator (IPG) output compliance and the role of impedance in temperature increases. Materials and Methods:The 10 kHz SCS system output was characterized under resistive loads (1-10 KΩ). Separately, fiber optic temperature probes quantified temperature increases (ΔTs) around the SCS lead in specially developed heat phantoms. The role of stimulation Level (1-7; ideal pulse peak-to-peak of 1-7mA) was considered, specifically in the context of stimulation current Root Mean Square (RMS). Data from the heat phantom were verified with the SCS heat-transfer models. A custom high-bandwidth stimulator provided 10 kHz pulses and sinusoidal stimulation for control experiments.Results: The 10 kHz SCS system delivers 10 kHz biphasic pulses (30-20-30 μs). Voltage compliance was 15.6V. Even below voltage compliance, IPG bandwidth attenuated pulse waveform, limiting applied RMS. Temperature increased supralinearly with stimulation Level in a manner predicted by applied RMS. ΔT increases with Level and impedance until stimulator compliance was reached. Therefore, IPG bandwidth and compliance dampen peak heating. Nonetheless, temperature increases predicted by bioheat multi-physic models (ΔT = 0.64 C and 1.42 C respectively at Level 4 and 7 at the cervical segment; ΔT = 0.68 C and 1.72 C respectively at Level 4 and 7 at the thoracic spinal cord)-within ranges previously reported to effect neurophysiology.Conclusions: Heating of spinal tissues by this 10 kHz SCS system theoretically increases quickly with stimulation level and load impedance, while dampened by IPG pulse bandwidth and voltage compliance limitations. If validated in vivo as a mechanism of kHz SCS, bioheat models informed by IPG limitations allow prediction and optimization of temperature changes.

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SCALO: An Accelerator-Rich Distributed System for Scalable Brain-Computer Interfacing

Sriram

Pothukuchi

Michał

et al. 2023

Proceedings of the 50th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture

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Modeling of Brain Tissue Heating Caused by Direct Cortical Stimulation for Assessing the Risk of Thermal Damage

Cited by 7 publications

References 27 publications

Novel Paradigm of Subdural Cortical Stimulation Does Not Cause Thermal Damage in Brain Tissue: A Simulation-Based Study

Novel Paradigm of Subdural Cortical Stimulation Does Not Cause Thermal Damage in Brain Tissue: A Simulation-Based Study

Tissue Temperature Increases by a 10 kHz Spinal Cord Stimulation System: Phantom and Bioheat Model

SCALO: An Accelerator-Rich Distributed System for Scalable Brain-Computer Interfacing

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