Modeling of an Industrial Riser in the Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit

Heydari,

doi:10.3844/ajassp.2010.221.226

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…Consequently, the empirical kinetic constants determined from kinetic studies are only comparable if the same reaction scheme is used to derive them. Regardless, the simplicity of the methodology has seen a number of publications for different number of lumped kinetic models for the FCC unit: four-lump models [79][80][81][82], five-lump models [79,80,83,84], six-lump models [85][86][87], seven-lump models [88], eight-lump models [89,90], nine-lump models [30], 10-lump model [17,18], 11-lump models [91], 12-lump models [92], and 14-lump models [93]. Figure 4 shows some lumped reaction schemes used for the FCC riser.…”

Section: Discrete Lumpingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Modelling of the FCC Unit–Part I: The Riser

et al. 2022

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Heavy petroleum industries, including the fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) unit, are useful for producing fuels but they are among some of the biggest contributors to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The recent global push for mitigation efforts against climate change has resulted in increased legislation that affects the operations and future of these industries. In terms of the FCC unit, on the riser side, more legislation is pushing towards them switching from petroleum-driven energy sources to more renewable sources such as solar and wind, which threatens the profitability of the unit. On the regenerator side, there is more legislation aimed at reducing emissions of GHGs from such units. As a result, it is more important than ever to develop models that are accurate and reliable, that will help optimise the unit for maximisation of profits under new regulations and changing trends, and that predict emissions of various GHGs to keep up with new reporting guidelines. This article, split over two parts, reviews traditional modelling methodologies used in modelling and simulation of the FCC unit. In Part I, hydrodynamics and kinetics of the riser are discussed in terms of experimental data and modelling approaches. A brief review of the FCC feed is undertaken in terms of characterisations and cracking reaction chemistry, and how these factors have affected modelling approaches. A brief overview of how vaporisation and catalyst deactivation are addressed in the FCC modelling literature is also undertaken. Modelling of constitutive parts that are important to the FCC riser unit such as gas-solid cyclones, disengaging and stripping vessels, is also considered. This review then identifies areas where current models for the riser can be improved for the future. In Part II, a similar review is presented for the FCC regenerator system.

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Section: Discrete Lumpingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Modelling of the FCC Unit–Part I: The Riser

et al. 2022

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“…In this formulation, interphase gradients are considered via the description of gas-solid heat and mass transfer. However, some workers have assumed negligible heat transfer resistance between the phases as a simplification [34,35], owing to the high heat transfer and mixing in the fluidised bed. In these cases, only one energy balance equation for the mixture is considered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Vaporisation Models on the FCC Riser Reactor

et al. 2023

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This work presents a steady-state one-dimensional model of the FCC riser considering the vaporisation of the gas oil feed and subsequent cracking reactions. The evaporation of droplets is studied using three models: the classical homogeneous model and the heterogeneous vaporisation models from the literature. Droplets are modelled using the Lagrangian framework model for particles moving through a fluid. This was coupled with the gas–solid flow field describing the catalyst particulate transport in the riser. Cracking reaction kinetics are modelled using a four-lumped model. The model was then validated against published plant data. The model performed well in terms of gas oil conversion, gasoline yield, pressure drop, and phase temperature profiles. Therefore, it is suitable for use in the design and optimisation of new and existing FCC unit risers, particularly in cost–benefit analysis considering the current push away from petroleum energy sources. It was found that vaporisation models are largely insignificant in terms of gas oil conversion profiles and gasoline yield for usual operation conditions of FCC risers, which is a finding that had yet to be proven in the literature. Vaporisation models are shown to only affect conversion and yield when the initial droplet exceeds 2000 μm.

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Four – Lump Kinetic Model vs. Three - Lump Kinetic Model for the Fluid Catalytic Cracking Riser Reactor

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Procedia Engineering

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Modeling of an Industrial Riser in the Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit

Cited by 5 publications

References 18 publications

A Review of Modelling of the FCC Unit–Part I: The Riser

A Review of Modelling of the FCC Unit–Part I: The Riser

The Effects of Vaporisation Models on the FCC Riser Reactor

Four – Lump Kinetic Model vs. Three - Lump Kinetic Model for the Fluid Catalytic Cracking Riser Reactor

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