Modeling of a continuous water desalination process using directional solvent extraction

Alotaibi, Sorour; Ibrahim, Osama M.; Luo, S. C.; Luo, Tengfei

doi:10.1016/j.desal.2017.07.004

Cited by 30 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This high electrical consumption was explained in their study by the high pumping power required to re-circulate the high mass flow rate of octanoic acid in a continuous desalination process. Alotaibi et al [8] performed energy analysis for a DSE continuous water desalination process, with and without heat recovery. Assuming heat exchanger effectiveness of 0.8, the thermal energy consumption was estimated to be between 160 to 180 kWh/m 3 for octanoic acid and between 350 to 460 kWh/m 3 for decanoic acid; while the total electrical energy consumption is found to be between 5 to 9 kWh/m 3 for octanoic acid and between 13 to 21 kWh/m 3 for decanoic acid.…”

Section: Electrical Energy Consumption (Kwh/m 3 ) T (°C)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alotaibi et al [8] utilized a heat exchanger network synthesis where a continuous DSE process was designed and optimized for maximum heat recovery. They confirmed that the DSE process with heat recovery using octanoic acid is more energy efficient when compared to a similar process using decanoic acid.…”

Section: Directional Solvent Extraction (Dse) Desalination Process Wimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 1. Electrical energy consumption of mixing and separation [8]. The properties of decanoic acid were studied by Bajpayee et al [3], Luo et al [4], Rish et al [5], and Sanap et al [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exergy Analysis of Directional Solvent Extraction Desalination Process

Alotaibi

Ibrahim

Wang

et al. 2019

Entropy

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This paper presents an exergy analysis to evaluate the performance of a continuous directional solvent extraction (DSE) desalination process using octanoic acid. The flow of exergy was calculated for each thermodynamic state and balanced for different components of the system to quantify the inefficiencies in the process. A parametric study was performed to evaluate the impact of three critical design variables on exergy consumption. The parametric study reveals that the total exergy input decreases significantly with an increase in heat exchanger effectiveness. The results also indicate that the heat exchangers account for the highest exergy destruction. The total exergy consumption, however, has a slightly declining trend as the recovery-ratio increases. There is a small variation in the total exergy consumption, within the uncertainty of the calculation, as the highest process temperature increases. When compared to conventional desalination processes, the exergy consumption of the DSE, with heat recovery of 90%, is comparable to those of multi-stage flashing (MSF), but much higher than reverse osmosis (RO). Octanoic acid, which has low product water yield, is identified as the primary factor negatively impacting the exergy consumptions. To exploit the low-grade and low-temperature heat source feature of the DSE process, directional solvents with higher yield should be identified or designed to enable its full implementation.

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Section: Electrical Energy Consumption (Kwh/m 3 ) T (°C)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Directional Solvent Extraction (Dse) Desalination Process Wimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exergy Analysis of Directional Solvent Extraction Desalination Process

Alotaibi

Ibrahim

Wang

et al. 2019

Entropy

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“…Subsequently, we apply this expression for various surfactants and study the relationship between CMC and S D to produce an S D ‐P‐T expression. The theoretical model for the prediction of S D , using this expression, has significant consequences in improving the state of the art for DSE by virtue of the fact that modulation of pressure, under isothermal conditions, presents a more thermodynamically efficient method to treat water compared to the isobaric DSE processes presented in Bajpayee (), Fowler (), and Alotaibi et al ().…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Luo et al () and Bajpayee et al (), the authors demonstrated that decanoic and octanoic acids act as directional solvents, forming reverse micelles that encapsulate water. In Bajpayee (), Fowler (), and Alotaibi et al (), the temperature was modulated to drive directional solubility at atmospheric pressure, effectively creating an isobaric DSE process. In these aforementioned works, the temperature of fatty acid aqueous solutions increased from 40 °C to 90 °C to initiate reverse micellization mechanisms in the surfactants, causing water to be absorbed from saline solutions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Generalized Theoretical Model for the Relationship Between Critical Micelle Concentrations, Pressure, and Temperature for Surfactants

Thiruvengadam

Murphy

Tan³

et al. 2019

J Surfact & Detergents

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Directional solvent extraction (DSE) has been gaining interest as a water treatment technology in recent years. DSE utilizes the process of micellization for the purposes of species separation between water and complex chemical systems. In this article, we develop a conformal geometric algebra‐based formulation that models surfactants, their solubilities, and critical micelle concentration (CMC), with relation to temperature and pressure. Molecules are represented as spatially distributed networks embedded in R4,1 space, and the mathematical characterizations of these molecules are shown to be effective in modelling CMC as a function of temperature and pressure. One of the contributions of this work is the utilization of this formulation to develop a governing expression, in the form of a three‐dimensional relationship, between CMC, pressure, and temperature for a general surfactant. In prior works, the CMC–temperature plane and CMC–pressure plane expressions have been extensively documented for sodium alkyl sulfates. In this work, we extend the formulation to model the CMC of decanoic acid, sodium octyl sulfate, sodium decyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, and sodium tetradecyl sulfate. Using this theoretical model, a relationship between CMC and the directional solubility of water in a surfactant is determined. Directional solubility is related to temperature and pressure, and on this basis, we devise a directional solubility–pressure–temperature expression for an arbitrary surfactant to improve the state of the art for DSE. From this expression, we propose a novel isothermal DSE process for water treatment.

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Microfluidic Desalination: A New Era Towards Sustainable Water Resources

Abdulbari

Basheer

2021

ChemBioEng Reviews

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Water desalination is considered one of the most critical separation technologies that suffer from several drawbacks, such as the power consumption that controls the separation efficiency. Microfluidics technology provided a unique opportunity to introduce cutting edge products and to re‐visit existing technologies like desalination for evaluation, optimization, and new product introduction purposes. It is believed that the micro‐mixing and micro‐separation features in a microfluidic flow system will contribute significantly to enhance the desalination performance of known desalination techniques. Micro‐mixing and micro‐separation in a microfluidic device can eliminate the poor mixing and separation efficiency observed with the bench‐scaled systems due to the high‐precision droplet generation and microfluidic separation features. This review discusses the current state of microfluidic desalination, its operating theory, and its limitations. Additionally, the current technology is reviewed to shed some light on the feasibility of scaling up water production rates. The gap between the application of microfluidic desalination and industrial scale‐up is also described briefly.

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Modeling of a continuous water desalination process using directional solvent extraction

Cited by 30 publications

References 19 publications

Exergy Analysis of Directional Solvent Extraction Desalination Process

Exergy Analysis of Directional Solvent Extraction Desalination Process

A Generalized Theoretical Model for the Relationship Between Critical Micelle Concentrations, Pressure, and Temperature for Surfactants

Microfluidic Desalination: A New Era Towards Sustainable Water Resources

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