“…Numerical simulations based on non-adiabatic tabulated approaches (such as the flamelet model [37]) and wall functions for wall heat flux predictions, in particular, showed good results compared to the available experimental data, although a large scatter of the calculated wall heat flux was observed depending on the employed numerical setting. Moreover, despite efforts in investigating the effect of the frozen or equilibrium chemistry assumption on the ensuing wall heat flux [38,39,40] and of different turbulence [30,41] and turbulence-chemistry interaction [32] turbulent quantities is also assessed, given their impact on the selected models. Section 5 presents the test case chosen for the validation of the proposed numerical framework and results of the 2D and 3D URANS wall modeled simulations of the selected test case: differences between the wall heat fluxes obtained with the tested models are presented and discussed.…”