Modeling Nitrogen Balance for Pre-Assessment of Surface and Groundwater Nitrate (NO3-−N) Contamination from N–Fertilizer Application Loss: a Case of the Bilate Downstream Watershed Cropland

Modeling canopy water content in the assessment for rainfall induced surface and groundwater nitrate contamination: The Bilate cropland sub watershed

“…For the current specific objective of conducting a simulation of crop water balance using the International Geosphere-Biosphere Program (IGBP), the validated classification of crop data [ 50 ] on land use and cover during the main growing season was adopted biomass level. Earth observation data from NASA Earth data, specifically MODIS 006 MOD13Q1 [ [49] , [54] , [55] , [56] ] with a spatial resolution of 250 m, were used to calculate zonal statistics for crop biomass index based on calibrated observations of study periods [ [48] , [54] , [55] , [56] , [57] , [58] ] ( Table 1 ). This data was also used to classify cropland biomass in specific cropland areas.…”

“…Therefore, in the current study, the cultivated area [ha] for the main rainy season was used as a crop parameter for plant biomass modeling. Since the nitrate pollution index for downstream water resources depends on N fertilizer input to croplands at agricultural watersheds [ 47 , 55 ], the IGBP cropland classification was used. Plant growth and biomass dynamics on the zonal mean of crops [ 56 , 62 ] depend on rainfall patterns and N application.…”

Decoration of boron nanoparticles on a graphene sheet for ammonia production from nitrate

“…5 Fertilizers that we use in agriculture are composed of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus compounds in order to provide good nutrients to plants and crops. 6 However, these compounds do not decompose and end up in the surface water and groundwater, 7,8 where they increase the concentration of nitrates in water that is eventually irrigated back into the soil. Nitrates can have devastating effects on aquatic ecosystems and on human health, 9 including the development of methemoglobinemia, thyroid effects, and cancer.…”