Modeling interactions between brain function, diet adherence behaviors, and weight loss success

Szabo-Reed, Amanda N.; Martin, Laura E.; Hu, Jinxiang; Powell, Joshua N.; Lepping, Rebecca J.; Patrician, Trisha M.; Breslin, Florence J.; Donnelly, Joseph E.; Savage, Cary R.

doi:10.1002/osp4.403

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…In contrast, patients who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy surgery exhibited decreases in body weight and in reported food cravings 1 and 6 months post-surgery that were associated with the increased connectivity to the prefrontal regions in the brain in response to food cues [ 76 ]. Another recent study showed that success in a 3-month weight loss program was predicted by activity in the prefrontal cortex in response to food cues [ 77 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Exploration of the Role of Sugar-Sweetened Beverage in Promoting Obesity and Health Disparities

Sigala

Stanhope

2021

Curr Obes Rep

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Purpose of Review The mechanistic role of sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) in the etiology of obesity is undetermined. We address whether, compared to other foods, does consumption of SSB (1) automatically lead to failure to compensate for the energy it contains? (2) fail to elicit homeostatic hormone responses? (3) promote hedonic eating through activation of the brain's reward pathways? We followed the evidence to address: (4) Would restriction of targeted marketing of SSB and other unhealthy foods to vulnerable populations decrease their prevalence of obesity? Recent Findings The data are lacking to demonstrate that SSB consumption promotes body weight gain compared with isocaloric consumption of other beverages or foods and that this is linked to its failure to elicit adequate homeostatic hormone responses. However, more recent data have linked body weight gain to reward activation in the brain to palatable food cues and suggest that sweet tastes and SSB consumption heightens the reward response to food cues. Studies investigating the specificity of these responses have not been conducted. Nevertheless, the current data provide a biological basis to the body of evidence demonstrating that the targeted marketing (real life palatable food cues) of SSB and other unhealthy foods to vulnerable populations, including children and people of color and low socioeconomic status, is increasing their risk for obesity. Summary While the mechanisms for the association between SSB consumption and body weight gain cannot be identified, current scientific evidence strongly suggests that proactive environmental measures to reduce exposure to palatable food cues in the form of targeting marketing will decrease the risk of obesity in vulnerable populations. Keywords Obesity. Weight gain. Sugar-sweetened beverages. Health disparities. Targeted marketing. Palatable food cues This article is part of the Topical Collection on Etiology of Obesity

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Exploration of the Role of Sugar-Sweetened Beverage in Promoting Obesity and Health Disparities

Sigala

Stanhope

2021

Curr Obes Rep

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“…For example, the importance of dopaminergic reward areas was underlined by CR studies showing that cue-evoked activity in these areas is negatively related to treatment outcome [173][174][175][176][177]. The relevance of goal-directed control regions comprising frontal and parietal areas as well as insula was demonstrated in DD tasks directly designed to study goal-directed control [18,97,104,106] and in CR tasks by showing that cue-related activity of these areas has a positive effect on treatment outcome [86,169,[178][179][180]. Task-derived FC and RS FC studies showed that higher FC between fronto-parietal and insular goaldirected control areas on one hand and incentive salience areas on the other is accompanied by better treatment outcomes [18,97,99,100,126].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This would take multiple neuroimaging, hormonal, and outcome markers (see e.g., [18,163,179]) into consideration. In this regard, the study of Szabo-Reed and colleagues might be pioneering as complex associations between brain activity, caloric restrictions, program attendance, physical activity and weight loss were modeled within a single structural equation model in this work [169]. This approach does not only promise to reveal a more fine-grained picture of contributing factors but also In conclusion, the reviewed studies provide consistent support for the importance of incentive salience and goaldirected control as central nervous mechanisms mediating treatment outcome in obesity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Computational approaches to predicting treatment response to obesity using neuroimaging

Kozarzewski

Maurer

Mähler

et al. 2021

Rev Endocr Metab Disord

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Obesity is a worldwide disease associated with multiple severe adverse consequences and comorbid conditions. While an increased body weight is the defining feature in obesity, etiologies, clinical phenotypes and treatment responses vary between patients. These variations can be observed within individual treatment options which comprise lifestyle interventions, pharmacological treatment, and bariatric surgery. Bariatric surgery can be regarded as the most effective treatment method. However, long-term weight regain is comparably frequent even for this treatment and its application is not without risk. A prognostic tool that would help predict the effectivity of the individual treatment methods in the long term would be essential in a personalized medicine approach. In line with this objective, an increasing number of studies have combined neuroimaging and computational modeling to predict treatment outcome in obesity. In our review, we begin by outlining the central nervous mechanisms measured with neuroimaging in these studies. The mechanisms are primarily related to reward-processing and include “incentive salience” and psychobehavioral control. We then present the diverse neuroimaging methods and computational prediction techniques applied. The studies included in this review provide consistent support for the importance of incentive salience and psychobehavioral control for treatment outcome in obesity. Nevertheless, further studies comprising larger sample sizes and rigorous validation processes are necessary to answer the question of whether or not the approach is sufficiently accurate for clinical real-world application.

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“…The present study sought to expand neuroanatomy and function research [ 23 , 24 ] to predict change in response to food and non-food stimuli and investigate event-related potentials (ERPs) relevant to response-inhibition in patients with PWS using a Go/NoGo task with food vs. non-food cues assessed via ERPs. Based on prior work, tDCS was hypothesized to modulate expected patterns of ERPs to demonstrate enhanced response-inhibition associated with processing of food-related stimuli.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on Go/NoGo Performance Using Food and Non-Food Stimuli in Patients with Prader–Willi Syndrome

et al. 2021

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Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is a neurodevelopmental genetic disorder characterized by multiple system involvement with hypotonia, poor suck with feeding difficulties, growth and other hormone deficiencies, intellectual disability, and behavioral problems with childhood onset of hyperphagia resulting in obesity, if not externally controlled. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been increasingly shown to modulate cognitive and behavioral processes in children and adults, including food-intake behaviors in patients with PWS. This study further reports the positive effects of brief tDCS sessions on Go/NoGo task performance involving food and non-food stimuli images, alterations in N2 brain amplitude, and genetic subgroup differences (maternal disomy 15, UPD; 15q11-q13 deletion, DEL) before and after tDCS as assessed by event-related potentials (ERPs) in 10 adults with PWS. The results indicate a group effect on baseline NoGo N2 amplitude in PWS patients with DEL vs UPD (p =0.046) and a decrease in NoGo N2 amplitude following tDCS (p = 0.031). Our tDCS approach also demonstrated a trend towards decreased response time. Collectively, these results replicate and expand prior work highlighting neurophysiological differences in patients with PWS according to genetic subtype and demonstrate the feasibility in examining neuromodulatory effects of tDCS on information processing in this patient population to stimulate additional research and treatment.

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Modeling interactions between brain function, diet adherence behaviors, and weight loss success

Cited by 12 publications

References 58 publications

An Exploration of the Role of Sugar-Sweetened Beverage in Promoting Obesity and Health Disparities

An Exploration of the Role of Sugar-Sweetened Beverage in Promoting Obesity and Health Disparities

Computational approaches to predicting treatment response to obesity using neuroimaging

Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on Go/NoGo Performance Using Food and Non-Food Stimuli in Patients with Prader–Willi Syndrome

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