Modeling heat stress under different environmental conditions

Carabaño, M. J.; Logar, Betka; Bormann, Jeanne; Minet, Julien; Vanrobays, Marie-Laure; Díaz, Clara; Tychon, Bernard; Gengler, Nicolas; Hammami, Hedi

doi:10.3168/jds.2015-10212

Cited by 92 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In addition to the milk yield, a decrease in the milk fat (approximately 0.34% to 0.4%) and protein (approximately 0.08% to 0.2%) content (with milk fat content typically around 3.5% and milk protein content typically around 2.9%) can be expected according to literature (Bouraoui et al, 2002;Collier et al, 2012;Carabano et al, 2016). Under contemporary market conditions, higher percentages of fat and proteins increase the milk price (Bailey et al, 2005).…”

Section: Economic Impactmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…With the breeding towards higher milk yields of the individual cows, as observed in the past, the thresholds for heat stress can be expected to further decrease on a herd level (Carabano et al, 2016). This will amplify the projected heat stress risks.…”

Section: Stress Indexmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Higher-yielding cows are known to be more susceptible to heat stress (Kadzere et al, 2002;Nardone et al, 2010;West, 2003). It has been shown that at the same THI threshold the most productive cows (yield average 42.5 kg d −1 ) of the same Holstein breed lost 0.174 kg d −1 per unit of THI more than the average cows (31.5 kg d −1 ) (Carabano et al, 2016). As the average milk yield of the cows in our focus regions is higher than in the mentioned studies about milk yield depression (approximately 35 kg d −1 to 45 kg d −1 milk yield), it is reasonable to scale the decline rates accordingly.…”

Section: Economic Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Heat stress risk in European dairy cattle husbandry under different climate change scenarios – uncertainties and potential impacts

Hempel¹,

Menz²,

Pinto³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Abstract. In the last decades, an exceptional global warming trend was observed. Along with the temperature increase, modifications in the humidity and wind regime amplify the regional and local impacts on livestock husbandry. Direct impacts include the occurrence of climatic stress conditions. In Europe, cows are economically highly relevant and are mainly kept in naturally ventilated buildings that are most susceptible to climate change. The high-yielding cows are particularly vulnerable to heat stress. Modifications in housing management are the main measures taken to improve the ability of livestock to cope with these conditions. Measures are, however, typically taken in direct reaction to uncomfortable conditions instead of in anticipation of a long term risk for climatic stress. Moreover, measures that balance welfare, environmental and economic issues are barely investigated in the context of climate change and are thus almost not available for commercial farms. Quantitative analysis of the climate change impacts on the animal welfare and linked economic and environmental factors are rare. Therefore, we used a numerical modeling approach to estimate the future heat stress risk in such dairy cattle husbandry systems. The indoor climate was monitored inside three reference barns in Central Europe and in the Mediterranean region. An artificial neuronal network (ANN) was trained to relate the outdoor weather conditions provided by official meteorological weather stations to the measured indoor microclimate. Subsequently, this ANN model was driven by an ensemble of regional climate model projections with three different greenhouse gas concentration scenarios. For the evaluation of the heat stress risk, we considered the amount and duration of heat stress events. Based on the changes of the heat stress events various economic and environmental impacts were estimated. We found that the impacts of the projected increase of heat stress risk vary dependent on the region respectively the barn, the climate model and the assumed greenhouse gas concentration. There was an overall increasing trend in number and duration of heat stress events. At the end of the century, the number of annual stress events can be expected to increase by up to 2000 hours while the average duration of the events increases by up to 22 h compared to the end of the last century. This implies strong impacts on economics, environment and animal welfare and an urgent need for mid-term adaptation strategies. We anticipated that up to one tenth of all hours of a year respectively one third of all days will be classified as critical heat stress conditions. Due to heat stress, milk yield may decrease by about 3.5 % relative to the present European milk yield and farmers may expect financial losses in the summer season of about 6.6 % of their monthly income. In addition, an increasing demand for emission reduction measures must be expected, as an emission increase of about 16 Gg ammonia and 0.1 Gg methane per year can be expected under the anticipated heat stress conditions. The cattle respiration rate increases by up to 60 % and the standing time may be prolonged by 1 h. This promotes health issues and increases the probability of medical treatments. The various impacts imply feedback loops in the climate system which are presently underexplored. Hence, future in-depth studies on the different impacts and adaptation options at different stress levels are highly recommended.

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Section: Economic Impactmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Stress Indexmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Economic Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Heat stress risk in European dairy cattle husbandry under different climate change scenarios – uncertainties and potential impacts

Hempel¹,

Menz²,

Pinto³

et al. 2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The dairy industry is an important part of the economy; however, it continues to suffer severe economic losses due to environmental factors such as the high ambient temperature and humidity (Carabano et al, 2016). In fact, heat stress is detrimental to dairy production and causes an increase in body temperature, a decrease in food intake and milk production (West, 2003, Strong et al, 2015.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicines on the Milk Performance, Antioxidant Capacity and Immune Status of Dairy Cattle

Yongling¹

2018

PVJ

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To study the effects of Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) on milk performance, antioxidant capacity and immunity of dairy cattle, twenty healthy lactating Holstein cows were randomly divided into four groups (A, B, C and D) and supplemented with 0, 50, 100 and 150 g/d of TCM, respectively. The temperature-humidity index (THI) and milk yield were recorded. The mRNA expression of GSH-Px, CAT, Bcl-2 and p53 genes was detected using RT-PCR. Meanwhile, the apoptosis rate of lymphocytes was determined through flow-cytometry. The results showed that the THI exceeded 72 during all experimental periods. Compared to group A (10.66±0.75 Kg), the milk yields of the cattle in group B, C and D were increased by 20.26 (P<0.05), 24.20 (P<0.05) and 16.98% (P>0.05), respectively. The somatic cell count in three treatment groups was lower than those in group A by 21.68 (P<0.05), 29.88 (P<0.05) and 24.22% (P<0.05), in group B, C and D respectively. The mean expression of GSH-Px and CAT genes were increased in groups B, C and D. The apoptosis rates of lymphocytes in the three treatment groups on the 40 th day were lower than that of the control group by 27.45 (P<0.01), 27.36 (P<0.01) and 24.55% (P<0.01) in group B, C and D, respectively. The mean expression of Bcl-2 gene in groups B, C and D was increased, and the mean expression of p53 gene was decreased in three treatment groups. Thus, it is concluded that TCM can improve milk performance, antioxidant capacity and immune status of dairy cattle under heat stress, which can help dairy cattle to resist heat stress in hot seasons.

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“…Prices for the 54 last 20 years have been lower in summer months. Hence, the difference of annual farm income 55 increases up to 5.7% when combined with the effect on losses in percentage of fat and protein 56 (calculated from Carabaño et al 2016) in the warmest months. In warm areas of Spain, it is 57 common to have fans functioning permanently when temperature is above 23-25ºC; also it is 58 common to manage the herd in order to avoid lactation peaks and insemination periods in the 59 warmest months, when conception rates are affected by warm temperatures (Schüller et al, 60 2014).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%