Modeling framework for human exposure assessment

Jayjock, Michael A.; Chaisson, Christine F.; Arnold, Susan; Dederick, Elizabeth

doi:10.1038/sj.jes.7500580

Cited by 24 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Detailed discussions of these analytical models have been published. 18,19 A recent study 20 used the same Fickian diffusion formulation and an emission function to model the turbulent diffusion of intermittent contaminant releases indoors. All these models predict a symmetrical pollutant distribution with respect to the source based on the assumption that the directionality of the emitted plume stream is transient and random.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stochastic modeling of short-term exposure close to an air pollution source in a naturally ventilated room: An autocorrelated random walk method

Cheng

Acevedo-Bolton

Jiang

et al. 2013

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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For an actively emitting source such as cooking or smoking, indoor measurements have shown a strong "proximity effect" within 1 m. The significant increase in both the magnitude and variation of concentration near a source is attributable to transient high peaks that occur sporadically-and these "microplumes" cause great uncertainty in estimating personal exposure. Recent field studies in naturally ventilated rooms show that close-proximity concentrations are approximately lognormally distributed. We use the autocorrelated random walk method to represent the time-varying directionality of indoor emissions, thereby predicting the time series and frequency distributions of concentrations close to an actively emitting point source. The predicted 5-min concentrations show good agreement with measurements from a point source of CO in a naturally ventilated house-the measured and predicted frequency distributions at 0.5- and 1-m distances are similar and approximately lognormal over a concentration range spanning three orders of magnitude. By including the transient peak concentrations, this random airflow modeling method offers a way to more accurately assess acute exposure levels for cases where well-defined airflow patterns in an indoor space are not available.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stochastic modeling of short-term exposure close to an air pollution source in a naturally ventilated room: An autocorrelated random walk method

Cheng

Acevedo-Bolton

Jiang

et al. 2013

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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“…Third, soil ingestion rates for children ages 1 to 4 years were taken from a study done in Anaconda, MT [23]. Finally, we incorporated these data into a modified terrestrial soil exposure model [24,25]. The output from the model was used to calculate Pb concentrations contributed by soil in children's blood.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of Soil Lead to Blood Lead in Children: A Study from New Orleans, LA

Abel¹,

Suedel²,

Presley³

et al. 2012

JEP

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In recent years, a significant number of environmental studies have been conducted in New Orleans, LA and surrounding Gulf Coast areas due in part to the occurrence of hurricanes Katrina and Rita. Data collected from studies in the New Orleans area indicate that inorganic contaminants including arsenic (As), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), and vanadium (V); high concentration of bioaerosols, particularly Cladosporium and Aspergillus, and several organic pollutants (PAHs, pesticides, and volatiles) may pose a risk to human health in New Orleans. While many of these results resemble historical data, a current quantitative exposure assessment has not been conducted. We engaged in one such assessment for lead (Pb) contamination in surface soils. We used Pb concentrations in surface soils (<5 cmdeep) from New Orleans and quantitative data on soil ingestion using the USEPA terrestrial wildlife model to imitate lifestyle movement (e.g., school to home to daycare) to estimate child exposure to Pb contributed by soil. Our results suggest that Pb exposure from soil could range from 1.4 μg/day to 102 μg/day for our study area within urbanNew Orleans. These data are concerning because children exposed to >33.5 μg/d Pb may cause their blood-Pb levels to exceed the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) threshold for blood-Pb of 10 μg/dL. It has generally been accepted that a more protective blood Pb concentration threshold of 6 - μg/dL is warranted. Using the 6-μg/dL threshold puts children exposed to as little as 20.2 μg/day Pb at risk.

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“…Exposure is typically either measured or modeled (28). Ideally, these two critical tools (i.e., modeling and monitoring) of the industrial hygienist should both be employed to evaluate exposure (29).…”

Section: Exposure Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Health Risk Assessment

Laszcz-Davis¹,

Boelter²,

Hearl³

et al. 2011

Patty's Industrial Hygiene

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The practice of assessing chemical exposure risks is now essential because this supports regulatory decisions in human history. The present study focuses the history and evolution of human health risk assessment, tracing the development of tools and models that made it possible, as well as the factors in society that made it indispensable. Various aspects of the risk management have been addressed, such as reaction to risk, consequence levels, hazard and exposure analysis, measurement for effectiveness, etc.

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Modeling framework for human exposure assessment

Cited by 24 publications

References 12 publications

Stochastic modeling of short-term exposure close to an air pollution source in a naturally ventilated room: An autocorrelated random walk method

Stochastic modeling of short-term exposure close to an air pollution source in a naturally ventilated room: An autocorrelated random walk method

Contribution of Soil Lead to Blood Lead in Children: A Study from New Orleans, LA

Human Health Risk Assessment

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