The impact of distributed dynamic routing with different market penetration rates (MPRs) of connected autonomous vehicles (CAVs) and congestion levels has been investigated on urban streets. Downtown Toronto network is studied in an agent-based traffic simulation. The higher the MPRs of CAVs-especially in the case of highly congested urban networks-the higher the average speed, the lower the mean travel time, and the higher the throughput.Unlike other related studies that predominantly considered a single segment of a highway, an urban network of central downtown Toronto is used for our case study. Our network consists of 223 links, 76 nodes (intersections), and 26 centroids that are matched to the closest intersections. The morning peak hour from 7:45am to 8:00am is considered for this study.
Discussion and Results
Updating Intervals for E2ECAVAlthough in terms of the throughput, mean travel time, and travelled distance 4sec updating interval is the best as in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 respectively, 60sec is chosen because in real implementation communication delays and processing times may exceed 4sec and we also need to account for any communication errors requiring retransmission as well as detecting and recovering from downtimes. Moreover, the difference between the performance of 4sec and 60sec is only marginal. Finally and not to forget the high computational power required for the 4sec updating interval compared to the 60sec updating interval.