Modeling dynamic skinfold compression

Ward, Richard H.; Rempel, R.; Andérson, Gregory S.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-6300(1999)11:4<531::aid-ajhb13>3.0.co;2-6

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…In contrast to soft tissue, taut tissue is more resistant to pressure and is more difficult to form into a measurable skinfold. McRae [32] described a difference in tissue compressibility between men and women, while Ward et al [33] described a greater elasticity and lower viscosity of the skinfolds on females [33], most likely due to the different anatomy and biology of the fat tissue [34]. In the data on males, the skinfolds on the triceps, back, and thigh had the best scores in the BlandeAltman analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Measuring subcutaneous fat thickness using skinfold calipers vs. high-resolution B-scan ultrasonography in healthy volunteers: A pilot study

Nösslinger

Mair

Toplak

et al. 2022

Clinical Nutrition Open Science

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The best agreement for women was obtained with the measurements of the chest fold (47.2%), followed by the measurements of the back fold (38.9%). For men, it was the measurements of the thigh fold (63.6%), followed by the measurements of the triceps (51.5%) and back fold (51.5%). Conclusion:The agreement between skinfold measurements made using calipers and ultrasonography depends on the skinfold thickness and the localization of the measurement, with genderbased differences.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Measuring subcutaneous fat thickness using skinfold calipers vs. high-resolution B-scan ultrasonography in healthy volunteers: A pilot study

Nösslinger

Mair

Toplak

et al. 2022

Clinical Nutrition Open Science

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“…With regard to the analysis of the evolution of the compressibility of the skinfolds as a function of sex, it was found that sex did not have an influence on the time at which the lowest value was found in the reading of the skinfold, with this being between 2.43 seconds and 2.90 seconds for the sample of men, and between 2.16 seconds and 3.00 seconds for the sample of women. Previous studies had hypothesized that the compressibility and stabilization of skinfolds might vary according to sex, given the influence of factors such as skin tension and thickness, distribution of connective tissue and blood vessels, and the distribution and characterization of fat mass [ 6 , 27 , 28 ]. However, thus far, there are no known studies that have analyzed this issue in real-life situations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skinfolds compressibility and digital caliper’s time response in skinfold measurement in male and female young adults

Vaquero-Cristóbal,

Catarina-Moreira,

Esparza-Ros

et al. 2023

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

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Background The skinfold caliper reading of the skinfold thickness depends on its dynamic compressibility. This has led to the fact that, while it is indicated that skinfold readings should be taken when the reading is stable, there is no consensus on at what second the reading should be taken after the application of the skinfold caliper. The new Lipowise PRO digital skinfold caliper was used to analyze the evolution of skinfold readings under skinfold caliper pressure. The aim of the present investigation were: a) to analyze the evolution of the reading time of individual skinfolds when subjected to skinfold caliper pressure and when the skinfold reading reaches stability; b) to describe the physical behavior of skinfold tissues’ time response to skinfold caliper pressure, and to explore differences between sites and subjects’ skinfolds compressibility; and c) to analyze the sex differences in both the reading and the evolution of the skinfold over time. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional design was followed with a convenience sample of 165 healthy young adults (79 males and 86 females), with eight skinfolds measured using the Lipowise PRO skinfold caliper. The Lipowise PRO skinfold caliper uses a programmable reading time allowing for the measurement of the skinfold’s thickness at a rate of 100 times per second, and monitoring skinfold behavior over the 3-second measurement period, thereby enabling the assessment of the tissue response to the constant force exerted by the skinfold caliper jaws. Results All skinfolds showed statistical differences in terms of compressibility characteristics ( p < 0.001). Significant differences were found between measurement time points for individual skinfolds and sum of skinfolds ( p < 0.001–0.025). Stabilization being found depending on the skinfold measured from 1.5 seconds for biceps, subscapular, iliac crest, supraspinale, abdominal, and thigh skinfolds; 2.0 seconds for ∑6 and ∑8 skinfolds; and 2.5 seconds for triceps and calf skinfolds. It was observed an effect of sex on this issue ( p < 0.001–0.030). More specifically, in the case of males, the supraspinale and abdominal skinfolds stabilized after 1.5 seconds; the calf skinfold and ∑6 and ∑8 skinfolds stabilized after 2 seconds; while the rest of the skinfolds did not stabilize until 3 seconds. In the case of females, no stabilization of the triceps skinfold was found, while the rest of the individual skinfolds and the ∑6 and ∑8 skinfolds stabilized from 1.5 seconds. A regression analysis indicated that skinfold thickness could be predicted based on measurement time in 50–77% of the cases ( p = 0.001). Conclusion A skinfold caliper application, using the digital caliper Lipowise PRO, of three seconds may be sufficient for achieving stability in the measurement and for obtaining the minimu...

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“…During the first two seconds of compression, the tissue fibres are reoriented in the initial phase (0⋅0 to 0⋅5 s) followed by stretching of the elastic components (0⋅5 to 2⋅0 s) and a brief exponential decrease in the thickness skinfold. At this point, the static compressibility plateau is reached ( 16 , 17 ) . Martin et al ( 19 ) identified a mean of 52⋅6 % static compressibility for 13 skinfold sites using a Harpenden® skinfold caliper in a sample of male and female human cadavers.…”

Section: Developmentmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The physical, mechanical and functional specifications of the Harpenden®, Lange® and Slim Guide® skinfold calipers discussed in this report were reviewed and described based on original studies (4)(5)(6) and evidence from important complementary experiments (7,(14)(15)(16)(17)(18) . The digital illustrations presented below were made by the author of this report and are unique in their originality and richness of detail.…”

Section: Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Skinfold calipers: which instrument to use?

2023

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The considerable amount of original and generic types of skinfold calipers available is a source of systematic measurement error. This study is a brief report that critically examines the original and illustrated structural configuration of the three main types of skinfold calipers. For more than half a century, the Harpenden®, Lange® and Slim Guide® skinfolds calipers have been widely used in clinical and research settings. It is well established that the physical, mechanical and functional specificity of each type of skinfold caliper makes its interchangeable use impossible. Our report suggests that commercially available technical specifications are insufficient to judiciously choose a skinfold caliper. The area of the jaws, the coefficient of spring and the static and dynamic downward pressure of each type of skinfold caliper must be determined in the metrological laboratory and added to the technical user manual. Choosing a type of skinfold caliper for regular use, without conflict of commercial interest, requires a critical understanding of the physical, mechanical and functional characteristics that configure it. Therefore, a new downward static calibration test and the first eligibility flowchart for a skinfold caliper have been proposed. Finally, the information gathered in this report may be useful for manufacturers of anthropometric instruments and health professionals who use the skinfold technique as a tool for diagnosis and nutritional control.

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Modeling dynamic skinfold compression

Cited by 6 publications

References 15 publications

Measuring subcutaneous fat thickness using skinfold calipers vs. high-resolution B-scan ultrasonography in healthy volunteers: A pilot study

Measuring subcutaneous fat thickness using skinfold calipers vs. high-resolution B-scan ultrasonography in healthy volunteers: A pilot study

Skinfolds compressibility and digital caliper’s time response in skinfold measurement in male and female young adults

Skinfold calipers: which instrument to use?

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