“…Nelson et al 129 developed a modeling framework for optimizing tidal turbine deployment in Cobscook Bay in Maine that maximizes the energy extraction with consideration of environmental constraints, such as criteria for the changes to flow fields and bed shear stress. James et al 130 applied a similar modeling approach to design turbine arrays in the Tanana River, Alaska, and evaluated the effects of different array layouts on power production and environmental impacts. Marine biogeochemical processes, such as water quality, sediment transport, nutrients, and marine habitats, are driven by coastal hydrodynamics.…”