Modeling crosstalk and afterpulsing in silicon photomultipliers

Rosado, J.; Aranda, V.M.; Blanco, F.; Arqueros, F.

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2014.11.080

Cited by 27 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…1,10,11 Optical crosstalk is a kind of effect that if a Geiger avalanche event occurs in 1 pixel of SiPM, the emitted near-infrared photons 1,11 will have a probability to trigger other pixels of SiPM, which is characterized by the OC probability. events, b is the mean number of incident signal photons and background photons, respectively.…”

Section: Theoretical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As for SiPM, some parasitic effects exist which distort the real output distribution from Poisson distribution of Equation (1), such as OC effect. 1,10,11 Optical crosstalk is a kind of effect that if a Geiger avalanche event occurs in 1 pixel of SiPM, the emitted near-infrared photons 1,11 will have a probability to trigger other pixels of SiPM, which is characterized by the OC probability. There are 2 different types of crosstalk: the direct (or simultaneous) one and the delayed one.…”

Section: Theoretical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…threshold for judging the symbols. Finally, the BER can be numerically calculated according to Equation (11). In principle, for a given system, the p.e.…”

Section: Theoretical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gnecchi et al 7 investigate the photon detection efficiency (PDE) and the dynamic range for a digital SiPM-based receiver over a selection of design parameters. One of the parasitic effects is called optical crosstalk (OC), 1,10,11 which can fire the adjacent pixels of SiPM, thus play a non-negligible role on bit error probability in optical communication systems. 9 In Zhang et al, 8 we demonstrated the feasibility of using SiPM as the detector in digital optical communications; the minimum photon number needed was obtained at a given BER (or given Q factor) just based on the Gaussian approximation method, and some of the parasitic effects of SiPM were not considered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 In Zhang et al, 8 we demonstrated the feasibility of using SiPM as the detector in digital optical communications; the minimum photon number needed was obtained at a given BER (or given Q factor) just based on the Gaussian approximation method, and some of the parasitic effects of SiPM were not considered. One of the parasitic effects is called optical crosstalk (OC), 1,10,11 which can fire the adjacent pixels of SiPM, thus play a non-negligible role on bit error probability in optical communication systems. Furthermore, the excellent photon number-resolving capability as well as huge gain but small excess noise factor of SiPM lead to different probability density function (PDF) and bit error rate (BER) behaviors of SiPM-based receiver comparing with the existing receivers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

The BER theoretical model and properties of SiPM‐based receiver for OOK optical communication

Zhang

Liu

Zhu

et al. 2018

Int J Communication

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The bit error rate (BER) theory of silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) based on-off keying optical communication receiver, which introduces photon equivalent threshold is established. The optical crosstalk effect, the dark counts, the amplitude fluctuations of output pulses of SiPM, the baseline fluctuation, the shape of the incident light pulse, the adjacent symbol interference as well as the photon detection efficiency (PDE) are considered in the theory model.The numerical result shows that the average minimum optical power required is much smaller than that of the avalanche photodiode-based receivers under the same conditions. The BER of SiPM-based optical communication receiver is very sensitive to the PDE and optical crosstalk (OC) probability of SiPM.For the application of digital optical communication, a SiPM with high PDE but low OC probability and low dark count rate is a preference, under the premise that the output pulse is fast enough. For the state-of-the-art SiPMs, the dark count rate is small enough to obtain adequate BER, and the OC effect is not a big limitation of the performance of SiPM-based receiver. Moreover, the amplitude fluctuation and the baseline fluctuation of the SiPM-based receiver are not bottlenecks of the performance in practice. KEYWORDSbit error rate, photon equivalent threshold, receiver, silicon photomultiplier

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Section: Theoretical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Theoretical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…threshold for judging the symbols. Finally, the BER can be numerically calculated according to Equation (11). In principle, for a given system, the p.e.…”

Section: Theoretical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The BER theoretical model and properties of SiPM‐based receiver for OOK optical communication

Zhang

Liu

Zhu

et al. 2018

Int J Communication

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A novel fast-neutron tomography system based on a plastic scintillator array and a compact D–D neutron generator

Adams

Zboray

Prasser

2016

Applied Radiation and Isotopes

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Characterization of three high efficiency and blue sensitive silicon photomultipliers

Otte

Garcia

Nguyen

et al. 2017

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

150

145

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We report about the optical and electrical characterization of three high efficiency and blue sensitive Silicon photomultipliers from FBK, Hamamatsu, and SensL. Key features of the tested devices when operated at 90% breakdown probability are peak photon detection efficiencies between 40% and 55%, temperature dependencies of gain and PDE that are less than 1%/ • C, dark rates of ∼50 kHz/mm 2 at room temperature, afterpulsing of about 2%, and direct optical crosstalk between 6% and 20%. The characteristics of all three devices impressively demonstrate how the Silicon-photomultiplier technology has improved over the past ten years. It is further demonstrated how the voltage and temperature characteristics of a number of quantities can be parameterized on the basis of physical models. The models provide a deeper understanding of the device characteristics over a wide bias and temperature range. They also serve as examples how producers could provide the characteristics of their SiPMs to users. A standardized parameterization of SiPMs would enable users to find the optimal SiPM for their application and the operating point of SiPMs without having to perform measurements thus significantly reducing design and development cycles.

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Modeling crosstalk and afterpulsing in silicon photomultipliers

Cited by 27 publications

References 5 publications

The BER theoretical model and properties of SiPM‐based receiver for OOK optical communication

The BER theoretical model and properties of SiPM‐based receiver for OOK optical communication

A novel fast-neutron tomography system based on a plastic scintillator array and a compact D–D neutron generator

Characterization of three high efficiency and blue sensitive silicon photomultipliers

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