1983
DOI: 10.1177/002224378302000308
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Modeling Consumer Satisfaction Processes Using Experience-Based Norms

Abstract: The authors propose to modify the basic confirmation/disconfirmation paradigm in two ways. First, expectations are replaced with experience-based norms as the standard for comparison of a brand's performance. Second, a zone of indifference is postulated as a mediator between confirmation/disconfirmation and satisfaction. Implications for future research are also presented.

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Cited by 305 publications
(131 citation statements)
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“…Expectations a stakeholder had of the regulatory act during the drafting process of the NHCR are assumed to influence the perception, as expectations prior to the occurrence of an event are described to influence the perception of that event (Oliver, 1980;Woodruff et al, 1983). In addition, current experience in dealing with the regulation is expected to affect perception.…”
Section: Theoretical Frameworkmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Expectations a stakeholder had of the regulatory act during the drafting process of the NHCR are assumed to influence the perception, as expectations prior to the occurrence of an event are described to influence the perception of that event (Oliver, 1980;Woodruff et al, 1983). In addition, current experience in dealing with the regulation is expected to affect perception.…”
Section: Theoretical Frameworkmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Bacon, 2003;Crompton & Duray, 1985) on approaches to try to quantify such distinctions, with little agreement. Attempting to avoid a dichotomously 'good' or 'bad' categorisation, Woodruff, Cadotte, and Jenkins (1983) proposed a 'zone of indifference' (similarly referred to as a 'zone of tolerance' by , where the difference between importance or expectation and actual performance is negligible and has no effect on customer intent, and thus should not be the focus of management attention. Pragmatically, management attention is needed where performance falls shorts of importance by a significant margin.…”
Section: Importance As a Disconfirmation Standardmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…During that consumption experience they observe actual service performance. The consumer's subjective evaluation of how well (or poorly) that actual performance compares to expected performance results in the perceived service quality (Woodruff et al, 1983;Parasuraman et al, 1988;Cronin and Taylor, 1992).…”
Section: Overview Of Service Quality Literaturementioning
confidence: 99%