Modeling causal relations between academic and social competence and depression: A multitrait-multimethod longitudinal study of children.

Abstract

The authors obtained self-reports, peer nominations, teacher ratings, and parent reports of depression and social and academic competence on 490 3rd graders and 455 6th graders near the beginning and end of the school year. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling revealed that (a) measures showed significant convergent and discriminant validity; (b) within-wave correlations between constructs were large and significant, although the depression-social competence correlation was larger than the depression-academic competence correlation; (c) the cross-wave stability of all constructs was remarkably high; and (d) social competence at Wave 1 predicted depression at Wave 2 for 6th graders after controlling for depression at Wave 1. Depression did not predict change in either academic or social competence over time. Implications for competence-based and failure-based models of child depression are discussed.

Academic Pathways between Attention Problems and Depressive Symptoms Among Urban African American Children

“…In later childhood and early adolescence these self-perceptions provide fertile ground for cognitive distortions that are associated with depressive symptoms in adults. Cross-sectional and longitudinal research supports Cole's competency model of depression (Cole, Martin, Powers, & Truglio, 1996;Cole & Turner, 1993;Cole et al, 2001).…”

Empirical evidence of cognitive vulnerability for depression among children and adolescents: A cognitive science and developmental perspective

“…Table 1 presents prospective studies that explore self-perception and depression. Evidence supporting negative self-perception as a proximal vulnerability to depressive symptoms is found in eight (Cole, Jacquez, & Maschman, 2001;Cole, Martin, & Powers, 1997;Cole, Martin, Powers, & Truglio, 1996;Kistner, Balthazor, Risi, & Burton, 1999;Measelle et al, 1998;Ohannessian, Lerner, Lerner, & von Eye, 1999; of the fourteen studies. Mixed evidence is found in three studies (Cole, Martin, Peeke, Seroczynski, & Fier, 1999;Hoffman, Cole, Martin, Tram, & Seroczynski, 2000;Kistner, DavidFerdon, Repper, & Joiner, 2006), with an additional three studies (Cole, Martin, Peeke, Seroczynski, & Hoffman, 1998;Lewinsohn et al, 1994;McGrath & Repetti, 2002) presenting evidence that depression predicts self-perception.…”

Relations of effortful control, reactive undercontrol, and anger to Chinese children's adjustment

“…The measure of internalizing behaviors included 19 items (α = .85): 13 items were originally from the Teacher's Rating Index of Depression (TRID; Cole, Martin, Powers, & Truglio, 1996, e.g., "Looks lonely") and 6 were from Kendall, MacDonald, and Treadwell's (1998) adaptation of the anxiety scale of Achenbach's Child Behavior Checklist ("Too tearful or anxious"). Parents rated items using the same format as the emotionality scale.…”