Abstract:This study proposes an integrated model based on the Risk Perception Attitude (RPA) framework and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) model to investigate behavioral intention toward traveling in times of a health-related crisis. A survey was conducted via online networks of travelers, yielding 338 valid cases. The findings indicate that health risk perception is affected by information search about the Covid-19 disease. The relationship between health risk perception and behavioral intention toward traveling… Show more
“…Golets et al, (2020) study also proved that the health perceived risk has a significant effect on the travel intentions of Brazilians during the COVID-19 outbreak. Other studies confirmed the same results that the health perceived risk has a significant effect on the travel intention during the COVID-19 virus pandemic (Perić et al 2021;Su et al, 2021) The results also showed that there is a positive significant relationship between the perceived travel risk and the intention to travel during the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings are consistent with the study of Angguni, & Lenggogeni, (2021) who found an association between the perceived travel risk and the intention to travel.…”
The COVID-19 pandemic has undoubtedly a significant influence on the tourism industry due to the perceived risk of travelers that cause them to change their travel decision. The study proposed a conceptual framework to identify the impact of the risk perceptions of the residents of Alexandria on the intention to travel to tourism destinations during the pandemic. The study examined four risk types; financial risk, psychological risk, health risk, and travel risk. The proposed framework also investigated the mediating role of destination trust in the relationship between the four types of risk and intention to travel. An online questionnaire was conducted on potential leisure travelers, and a structural equation modeling was used to test the relationships between hypotheses. The results showed a significant relationship only between psychological, health and travel risk and the intention to travel. The results also proved that only travel risk has no impact on travel intention in the presence of destination trust during the pandemic. The unique contribution of the study is investigating the effect of trust on the relationship between perceived risk and travel intention. Useful practical implications are provided by the study to help Destination Management Organizations (DMOs) to develop strategies to decrease the risk perceptions and encourage travelers to revisit tourism destinations.
“…Golets et al, (2020) study also proved that the health perceived risk has a significant effect on the travel intentions of Brazilians during the COVID-19 outbreak. Other studies confirmed the same results that the health perceived risk has a significant effect on the travel intention during the COVID-19 virus pandemic (Perić et al 2021;Su et al, 2021) The results also showed that there is a positive significant relationship between the perceived travel risk and the intention to travel during the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings are consistent with the study of Angguni, & Lenggogeni, (2021) who found an association between the perceived travel risk and the intention to travel.…”
The COVID-19 pandemic has undoubtedly a significant influence on the tourism industry due to the perceived risk of travelers that cause them to change their travel decision. The study proposed a conceptual framework to identify the impact of the risk perceptions of the residents of Alexandria on the intention to travel to tourism destinations during the pandemic. The study examined four risk types; financial risk, psychological risk, health risk, and travel risk. The proposed framework also investigated the mediating role of destination trust in the relationship between the four types of risk and intention to travel. An online questionnaire was conducted on potential leisure travelers, and a structural equation modeling was used to test the relationships between hypotheses. The results showed a significant relationship only between psychological, health and travel risk and the intention to travel. The results also proved that only travel risk has no impact on travel intention in the presence of destination trust during the pandemic. The unique contribution of the study is investigating the effect of trust on the relationship between perceived risk and travel intention. Useful practical implications are provided by the study to help Destination Management Organizations (DMOs) to develop strategies to decrease the risk perceptions and encourage travelers to revisit tourism destinations.
“…It is projected that it would take two years to go back to the levels that were before the outbreak [ 140 ]. Numerous scholars have taken an interest in developing and carrying out plans and actions that will bring the travel and tourism sector back to its normal (pre-pandemic) state or to a state that is in some way superior to that normal one [ 142 ]. In this regard, the present study discusses various antecedents and their consequences on revisit intention post-COVID-19.…”
The present study intends to unwrap the influence of social media electronic word of mouth (eWOM) on revisit intention post-COVID-19 applying the theory of planned behavior (TPB). Two additional constructs, viz., eWOM and destination image, have been undertaken in the present study to enhance the robustness of the TPB model. An online questionnaire was employed to collect data, and the research relied upon 301 correct and useable responses. The survey's population includes potential tourists who intend to revisit India post-COVID-19. SPSS 20 and AMOS 22.0 were used to analyze the data. The posited model was validated using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM). The findings indicate that all of the constructs under study, namely "electronic word of mouth (eWOM), destination image (DI), attitude (ATT), subjective norm (SN), and perceived behavioral control (PBC)," significantly and positively influence "tourists' revisit intention (RI)" post-COVID-19. These constructs explained approximately 71% (R2 = 0.709) of the variance in the revisit intention post-COVID-19. A number of theoretical and practical implications can be delineated to make recommendations to the ministry of tourism, tour and travel agencies, central and state government-owned tourism departments, marketers and promoters of travel destinations. The distinctiveness of the present study lies in the fact that it measures the influence of eWOM on revisit intention post-COVID-19 in the Indian context by incorporating destination image with the TPB model.
“…Previous research on the effect of risk perception on travelers intentions is mostly based on the individual psychological level, with insufficient empirical research at the macro level. This study draws on the theoretical basis of research results related to the relationship between risk perception and travelers intentions (Huang et al, 2020; Shin et al, 2022; Su et al, 2022; Zheng et al, 2021), reflecting the basic relationship between the two as defined by risk perception theory (Su et al, 2022). More importantly, this study elevates this psychological relationship to a macropsychological level, exploring the relationship between the two at the regional psychological level, which will enhance the research horizon of risk perception theory and yield new findings at the temporal and spatial dimensions.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The vast majority of such literature is related to risk perception. Several mature frameworks for understanding the impact of risk perception on tourists' intentions have developed, such as health risk model (Huang et al, 2020), motivation protection theory (Zheng et al, 2021), theory of planning behavior (Shin et al, 2022), and risk perception attitude (Su et al, 2022) frameworks. These theories generally suggest that before taking action, people will assess the severity of the epidemic risk and the vulnerability of individuals to threats, and thus form basic judgments about travel decisions (Wang et al, 2019).…”
Most of the previous studies on the impact of risk perception on travel intention are based on an individual psychological perspective, and the understanding based on the perspective of macropsychology is insufficient. Analyzing the temporal and spatial characteristics of risk perception theory at the macropsychological and regional levels will expand the scope of risk perception theory, which may help to promote the orderly recovery of tourism activities under the normalization of epidemics at the regional level. This study uses Baidu big data, through a panel VAR analysis, to explore the impact of people’s epidemic risk perception on travelers intentions from a macropsychological level and to analyze the temporal and spatial differences of this impact. From a temporal perspective, this study found that the early stage of epidemic risk perception had a negative impact on travel intentions, and later, a compensatory effect on travelers intentions appeared. From the perspective of risks at different threat levels, the Wuhan epidemic with a high degree of threat had a greater impact, while foreign epidemics had less impact. From the perspective of spatial differences, this study indicated that the negative impact of attention to epidemics on attention to tourism basically shows a gradual decay from the core to secondary and then to peripheral areas. This research will reveal some new findings on the impact of perceived risk on behavior intention at the temporal and spatial levels, and will have certain reference value for regional tourism restoration and marketing under the influence of epidemics.
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