Modeling Atmospheric Emission for CMB Ground-Based Observations

Errard, Josquin; Ade, Peter A. R.; Akiba, Y.; Arnold, K.; Atlas, M.; Baccigalupi, C.; Barron, Darcy; Boettger, D.; Borrill, J.; Chapman, Scott; Chinone, Yuji; Cukierman, A.; Delabrouille, J.; Dobbs, M.; Ducout, A.; Elleflot, T.; Fabbian, Giulio; Feng, Chang; Feeney, Stephen; Gilbert, A.; Goeckner-Wald, N.; Halverson, N. W.; Hasegawa, M.; Hattori, K.; Hazumi, M.; Hill, Charles A.; Holzapfel, W. L.; Hori, Y.; Inoue, Yuki; Jaehnig, Greg; Jaffe, A. H.; Jeong, O.; Katayama, N.; Kaufman, J. P.; Keating, Brian; Kermish, Z.; Keskitalo, R.; Kisner, T. S.; Jeune, M. Le; Lee, A. T.; Leitch, E. M.; Leon, David; Linder, Eric V.; Matsuda, F.; Matsumura, Tomotake; Miller, Nathan J.; Myers, Mike; Navaroli, M.; Nishino, Hitoshi; Okamura, Takahiro; Paar, H. P.; Peloton, J.; Poletti, D.; Puglisi, Giuseppe; Rebeiz, Gabriel M.; Reichardt, Christian; Richards, P. L.; Ross, C.; Rotermund, K. M.; Schenck, D. E.; Sherwin, B. D.; Siritanasak, P.; Smecher, G.; Stebor, N.; Steinbach, B.; Stompor, R.; Suzuki, Aritoki; Tajima, O.; Takakura, S.; Tikhomirov, Alexei; Tomaru, T.; Whitehorn, N.; Wilson, B.; Yadav, Amit; Zahn, O.

doi:10.1088/0004-637x/809/1/63

Cited by 33 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…the "sky noise") for various sites often adopts specific models of the atmospheric fluctuations. Estimations for the parameters in the model, such as fluctuation amplitudes or power law index are then derived based on the observed spatial or temporal fluctuations [10,11,30,31]. The advantage of that approach is that these parameters are directly related to quantitative models.…”

Section: Brightness Temperature Fluctuationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessments of Ali, Dome A, and Summit Camp for mm-wave Observations Using MERRA-2 Reanalysis

Kuo

2017

ApJ

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NASA's latest MERRA-2 reanalysis of the modern satellite measurements provides unprecedented uniformity and fidelity for the atmospheric data. In this paper, these data are used to evaluate five sites for millimeter-wave (mm-wave) observations. These include two established sites (South Pole and Chajnantor, Atacama), and three new sites (Ali, Tibet; Dome A, Antarctica; and Summit Camp, Greenland). Atmospheric properties including precipitable water vapor (PWV), sky brightness temperature fluctuations, ice and liquid water paths are derived and compared. Dome A emerges to be the best among those evaluated, with PWV and fluctuations smaller than the second-best site, South Pole, by more than a factor of 2. It is found that the higher site in Ali (6,100 m) is on par with Cerro Chajnantor (5,612 m) in terms of transmission and stability. The lower site in Ali (5,250 m) planned for first stage of observations at 90/150GHz provides conditions comparable to those on the Chajnantor Plateau. These analyses confirm Ali to be an excellent mm-wave site on the Northern Hemisphere that will complement well-established sites on the Southern Hemisphere. It is also found in this analysis that the observing conditions at Summit Camp are comparable to Cerro Chajnantor. Although it is more affected by the presence of liquid water clouds.

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Section: Brightness Temperature Fluctuationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessments of Ali, Dome A, and Summit Camp for mm-wave Observations Using MERRA-2 Reanalysis

Kuo

2017

ApJ

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“…Westwater et al 2004). Fortunately, the emission is almost completely unpolarized (Kusaka et al 2014;Errard et al 2015), or slightly circularly polarized because of Zeeman splitting due to the Earth's magnetic field (Rosenkranz & Staelin 1988;Keating et al 1998;Hanany & Rosenkranz 2003;Spinelli et al 2011). Although density and temperature fluctuations in the turbulent atmosphere cause significant low-frequency noise for CMB intensity (or temperature) measurements, they do not affect linear polarization measurements if the instrumental polarization leakage is negligible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurements of Tropospheric Ice Clouds with a Ground-based CMB Polarization Experiment, POLARBEAR

Takakura

Aguilar-Faúndez

Akiba

et al. 2019

ApJ

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The polarization of the atmosphere has been a long-standing concern for ground-based experiments targeting cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization. Ice crystals in upper tropospheric clouds scatter thermal radiation from the ground and produce a horizontally-polarized signal. We report the detailed analysis of the cloud signal using a ground-based CMB experiment, Polarbear, located at the Atacama desert in Chile and observing at 150 GHz. We observe horizontally-polarized temporal increases of low-frequency fluctuations ("polarized bursts," hereafter) of 0.1 K when clouds appear in a webcam monitoring the telescope and the sky. The hypothesis of no correlation between polarized bursts and clouds is rejected with > 24 σ statistical significance using three years of data. We consider many other possibilities including instrumental and environmental effects, and find no other reasons Corresponding author: Satoru Takakura satoru.takakura@ipmu.jp arXiv:1809.06556v1 [astro-ph.IM] 18 Sep 2018 2 Takakura et al.other than clouds that can explain the data better. We also discuss the impact of the cloud polarization on future ground-based CMB polarization experiments.

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“…Notice that D inst ij may have nonzero offdiagonal elements, due to correlated detector noises (e.g.Planck Collaboration et al (2018b,c) or atmosphere (e.g. Patanchon et al (2008); Errard et al (2015)). First we subtract this ensemble average.…”

Section: Extension To the Case With Instrument Noisementioning

confidence: 99%

ABS: an analytical method of blind separation of CMB from foregrounds

Zhang

2019

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Extracting CMB B-mode polarization from complicated foregrounds is a challenging task in searching for inflationary gravitational waves. We propose the ABS method as a blind and analytical solution to this problem. It applies to the measured cross bandpower between different frequency bands and obtains the CMB B-mode bandpower analytically. It does not rely on assumptions of foregrounds and does not require multiple parameter fitting. Testing against a variety of foregrounds, survey frequency configurations and instrument noise, we verify its applicability and numerical stability. The ABS method also applies to CMB temperature, E-mode polarization, the thermal Sunyaev Zel'dovich effect, spectral distortion, and even significantly different problems such as cosmic magnification.

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Modeling Atmospheric Emission for CMB Ground-Based Observations

Cited by 33 publications

References 31 publications

Assessments of Ali, Dome A, and Summit Camp for mm-wave Observations Using MERRA-2 Reanalysis

Assessments of Ali, Dome A, and Summit Camp for mm-wave Observations Using MERRA-2 Reanalysis

Measurements of Tropospheric Ice Clouds with a Ground-based CMB Polarization Experiment, POLARBEAR

ABS: an analytical method of blind separation of CMB from foregrounds

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