Modeling asymptomatic infections and work-related human circulation as drivers of unstable malaria transmission in low-prevalence areas: A study in the Northern Peruvian Amazon

Pizzitutti, Francesco; Mena, Carlos F.; Feingold, Beth J.; Pan, William

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.01.022

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Alternative approaches to geo-reference self-reported trajectories seem to be promising to overcome these limitations ( 19 , 20 ). For example, self-reported movement patterns showed high connectivity among villages in a single watershed in Peru ( 20 ), consistent with previous studies based on travel questionnaires ( 3 ), and showed that travel outside the community was a risk factor for malaria ( 3 , 4 , 20 , 21 ). Portable Global Positioning System (GPS) tracking devices have been utilized to collect detailed movement data in peri-urban and rural settings ( 22 , 23 ).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Open-Source 3D Printable GPS Tracker to Characterize the Role of Human Population Movement on Malaria Epidemiology in River Networks: A Proof-of-Concept Study in the Peruvian Amazon

Carrasco-Escobar

Fornace

Wong

et al. 2020

Front. Public Health

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Open-Source 3D Printable GPS Tracker to Characterize the Role of Human Population Movement on Malaria Epidemiology in River Networks: A Proof-of-Concept Study in the Peruvian Amazon

Carrasco-Escobar

Fornace

Wong

et al. 2020

Front. Public Health

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“…In Uganda, several studies have reported a high burden of asymptomatic infections in children [10]. Mathematical and epidemiological modeling has shown the importance of addressing asymptomatic infections and their potential to derail malaria elimination efforts [11]. Aduku located in Northern Uganda is traditionally an epicentre for malaria transmission reporting one of the highest entomological inoculation rates (EIR) in the World with approximately 1500 infective bites per year [14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymptomatic malaria infection, associated factors and accuracy of diagnostic tests in a historically high transmission setting in Northern Uganda

Agaba

Rugera

Mpirirwe

et al. 2022

Malar J

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Background Asymptomatic malaria infections are important parasite reservoirs and could sustain transmission in the population, but they are often unreported. A community-based survey was conducted to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with asymptomatic malaria infections in a historically high transmission setting in northern Uganda. Methods Using a cross-sectional design, 288 children aged 2–15 years were enrolled and tested for the presence of malaria parasites using rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) and blood smear microscopy between January to May 2022. Statistical analysis was performed using the exact binomial and Fisher’s exact test with p ≤ 0.05 indicating significance. The logistic regression was used to explore factors associated with asymptomatic malaria infections. Results Overall, the prevalence of asymptomatic infection was 34.7% (95% CI 29.2–40.5) with the highest observed in children 5–10 years 45.9% (95% CI 35.0–57.0). Gweri village accounted for 39.1% (95% CI 27.6—51.6) of malaria infections. Median parasite density was 1500 parasites/µl of blood. Plasmodium falciparum was the dominant species (86%) followed by Plasmodium malariae (5%). Factors associated with asymptomatic malaria infection were sleeping under mosquito net (Adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) 0.27; 95% CI 0.13–0.56), p = 0.001 and presence of village health teams (VHTs) (aOR 0.02; 95% CI 0.01–0.45), p = 0.001. Sensitivity and specificity were higher for the P. falciparum/pLDH RDTs compared to HRP2-only RDTs, 90% (95% CI 86.5–93.5) and 95.2% (95% CI 92.8–97.7), p = 0.001, respectively. Conclusion Asymptomatic malaria infections were present in the study population and this varied with place and person in the different age groups. Plasmodium falciparum was the dominant parasite species however the presence of P. malariae and Plasmodium ovale was observed, which may have implication for the choice and deployment of diagnostic tools. Individuals who slept under mosquito net or had presence of functional VHTs were less likely to have asymptomatic malaria infection. P.f/pLDH RDTs performed better than the routinely used HRP2 RDTs. In view of these findings, investigation and reporting of asymptomatic malaria reservoirs through community surveys is recommended for accurate disease burden estimate and better targeting of control.

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“…Additionally, indigenous communities share family, kinship, and commercial ties across borders, each of which promotes mobility across borders. Such travel poses a risk for malaria-eliminating countries such as Ecuador, since intermittent travel across borders has been associated with malaria diffusion [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. However, work in this area is limited, and tends to focus on a small number of locations and time points.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria Transmission and Spillover across the Peru–Ecuador Border: A Spatiotemporal Analysis

Gunderson

Kumar

Recalde-Coronel

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Border regions have been implicated as important hot spots of malaria transmission, particularly in Latin America, where free movement rights mean that residents can cross borders using just a national ID. Additionally, rural livelihoods largely depend on short-term migrants traveling across borders via the Amazon’s river networks to work in extractive industries, such as logging. As a result, there is likely considerable spillover across country borders, particularly along the border between Peru and Ecuador. This border region exhibits a steep gradient of transmission intensity, with Peru having a much higher incidence of malaria than Ecuador. In this paper, we integrate 13 years of weekly malaria surveillance data collected at the district level in Peru and the canton level in Ecuador, and leverage hierarchical Bayesian spatiotemporal regression models to identify the degree to which malaria transmission in Ecuador is influenced by transmission in Peru. We find that increased case incidence in Peruvian districts that border the Ecuadorian Amazon is associated with increased incidence in Ecuador. Our results highlight the importance of coordinated malaria control across borders.

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Modeling asymptomatic infections and work-related human circulation as drivers of unstable malaria transmission in low-prevalence areas: A study in the Northern Peruvian Amazon

Cited by 10 publications

References 40 publications

Open-Source 3D Printable GPS Tracker to Characterize the Role of Human Population Movement on Malaria Epidemiology in River Networks: A Proof-of-Concept Study in the Peruvian Amazon

Open-Source 3D Printable GPS Tracker to Characterize the Role of Human Population Movement on Malaria Epidemiology in River Networks: A Proof-of-Concept Study in the Peruvian Amazon

Asymptomatic malaria infection, associated factors and accuracy of diagnostic tests in a historically high transmission setting in Northern Uganda

Malaria Transmission and Spillover across the Peru–Ecuador Border: A Spatiotemporal Analysis

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