Modeling and theoretical design of next-generation lithium metal batteries

Key Aspects of Lithium Metal Anodes for Lithium Metal Batteries

“…It is clear from this figure that the specific energy densities of Li–S and Li–O 2 are significantly higher than those of alternative battery technologies. However, the high reactivity, large volume changes, dendrite formation, poor cyclic stability, and safety issues are some of the major problems hindering the practical use of Li metal anode in these battery systems . Although, a significant amount of work has been done during the last 10 years to address these issues, a versatile solution is still absent .…”

Ionic Liquids and their Polymers in Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries

“…Li-metal anode, due to its lightweight (density 0.534 g cm À3 ), low standard redox potential (E 0 = À3.04 V vs. NHE) and high theoretical specific capacity (3860 mAh g À1 ), is presently being reconsidered as electrode material for rechargeable Limetal batteries (LMB), in particular LiÀS batteries. [5,[94][95][96] Although Li-metal anodes are already successfully incorporated in primary batteries, its application in rechargeable batteries, where organic solvents are used, is restricted due to numerous problems; one of them is side reactions between the surface of the anode and the electrolytes. Due to the high reactivity of Li-metal with most organic solvents, the formation of the SEI [97,98] occurs that continuously grows and alter during cycling.…”

“…Lithium-sulfur (LiÀS) batteries are among the most promising candidates to replace lithium ion batteries (LIB), much due to their in theory higher energy density, when only the active materials alone are considered, to be approximately 1675 mAh g À1 . [4,5] In practice, at cell level, the targeted energy density for LiÀS batteries is often set to ca. 322 mAh g À1 , a value that if reached would grant their commercial success.…”

Multi‐functional TiO 2 nanosheets/carbon nanotubes modified separator enhanced cycling performance for lithium‐sulfur batteries

“…The advanced rechargeable batteries used in the portable electronics and electric vehicles have recently received significant attention in the energy storage community . Lithium‐sulfur (Li‐S) batteries, which exhibit an exceptional theoretical capacity and specific energy density, are a promising candidate of high energy storage systems in the future . However, Li‐S battery systems have several issues impeding its commercial application, such as the “shuttle effect” of intermediate lithium polysulfides, the low electronic conductivity of sulfur, and huge volumetric expansion of sulfur .…”

“…1,2 Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries, which exhibit an exceptional theoretical capacity and specific energy density, are a promising candidate of high energy storage systems in the future. 3,4 However, Li-S battery systems have several issues impeding its commercial application, such as the "shuttle effect" of intermediate lithium polysulfides, [5][6][7] the low electronic conductivity of sulfur, 8 and huge volumetric expansion of sulfur. 9,10 When the Li-S battery is in discharge process, a lot of polysulfides are generated and then dissolved in the electrolyte.…”